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Biomolecules
Volume 11
Issue 9
10.3390/biom11091281
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Review

Glucagon as a Therapeutic Approach to Severe Hypoglycemia: After 100 Years, Is It Still the Antidote of Insulin?

by
Francesca Porcellati
1,
Stefania Di Mauro
2,
Alessio Mazzieri
1,
Alessandra Scamporrino
2,
Agnese Filippello
2,
Michelantonio De Fano
1,
Carmine Giuseppe Fanelli
1,
Francesco Purrello
2,
Roberta Malaguarnera
3,* and
Salvatore Piro
2
1
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia University School of Medicine, Via Gambuli 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
3
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Vladimir N. Uversky
Biomolecules 2021, 11(9), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091281
Received: 3 August 2021 / Revised: 23 August 2021 / Accepted: 26 August 2021 / Published: 27 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans: Not Only Beta-Cells)
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Abstract

Hypoglycemia represents a dark and tormented side of diabetes mellitus therapy. Patients treated with insulin or drug inducing hypoglycemia, consider hypoglycemia as a harmful element, which leads to their resistance and lack of acceptance of the pathology and relative therapies. Severe hypoglycemia, in itself, is a risk for patients and relatives. The possibility to have novel strategies and scientific knowledge concerning hypoglycemia could represent an enormous benefit. Novel available glucagon formulations, even now, allow clinicians to deal with hypoglycemia differently with respect to past years. Novel scientific evidence leads to advances concerning physiopathological mechanisms that regulated glycemic homeostasis. In this review, we will try to show some of the important aspects of this field. View Full-Text
Keywords: diabetes; glucagon; hypoglycemia; therapy diabetes; glucagon; hypoglycemia; therapy
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style

Porcellati, F.; Di Mauro, S.; Mazzieri, A.; Scamporrino, A.; Filippello, A.; De Fano, M.; Fanelli, C.G.; Purrello, F.; Malaguarnera, R.; Piro, S. Glucagon as a Therapeutic Approach to Severe Hypoglycemia: After 100 Years, Is It Still the Antidote of Insulin? Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091281

AMA Style

Porcellati F, Di Mauro S, Mazzieri A, Scamporrino A, Filippello A, De Fano M, Fanelli CG, Purrello F, Malaguarnera R, Piro S. Glucagon as a Therapeutic Approach to Severe Hypoglycemia: After 100 Years, Is It Still the Antidote of Insulin? Biomolecules. 2021; 11(9):1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091281

Chicago/Turabian Style

Porcellati, Francesca, Stefania Di Mauro, Alessio Mazzieri, Alessandra Scamporrino, Agnese Filippello, Michelantonio De Fano, Carmine G. Fanelli, Francesco Purrello, Roberta Malaguarnera, and Salvatore Piro. 2021. "Glucagon as a Therapeutic Approach to Severe Hypoglycemia: After 100 Years, Is It Still the Antidote of Insulin?" Biomolecules 11, no. 9: 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091281

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