Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Standards and Reagents
2.2. Mushroom Material
2.3. Preparation of Crude Methanolic Extract
2.4. Phenolic Compounds Analysis by LC-MS
2.5. GC-MS Analysis of Fruiting Body Methanolic Extract
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extraction Yield
3.2. Spectrophotometric Determination of Bioactive Compounds
3.3. Phenolic Compounds Analysis by LC-MS
3.4. GC-MS Analysis
3.5. Antioxidant Activity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bioactive Compounds | A. mellea | M. procera | |
---|---|---|---|
Extraction yield (%) | MA | 33.5 ± 1.25 | 34.10 ± 1.7 |
PT | 32.78 ± 1.67 | 34.33 ± 0.96 | |
Total phenolic (mg GAE/g dme) | MA | 20.61 ± 0.18 b | 12.24 ± 0.27 b |
PT | 12.52 ± 0.55 c | 21.46 ± 0.22 a | |
Total flavonoid (mg CE/g dme) | MA | 7.42 ± 0.21 d | 8.61 ± 0.13 d |
PT | 26.29 ± 0.52 a | 10.98 ± 0.13 c | |
Tannin (mg CE/g dw) | MA | 1.49 ± 0.03 f | 1.31 ± 0.03 g |
PT | 1.37 ± 0.07 f | 1.89 ± 0.07 f | |
Ascorbic acid (mg AAE/g dw) | MA | 2.55 ± 0.05 e | 2.25 ± 0.14 e |
PT | 2.99 ± 0.04 e | 2.45 ± 0.11 e | |
β-carotene (µg/g dme) | MA | 0.08 ± 0.002 c* | 0.44 ± 0.003 a* |
PT | 0.58 ± 0.003 a* | 0.32 ± 0.001 c* | |
Lycopene (µg/g dme) | MA | 0.05 ± 0.003 d* | 0.29 ± 0.004 b* |
PT | 0.39 ± 0.004 b* | 0.20 ± 0.002 f* |
N°. | Phenolic Compounds | A. mellea (µg/g dw) | M. procera (µg/g dw) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MA | PT | MA | PT | ||
1 | Cinnamic acid | 100.60 ± 0.21 b | 155.20 ± 0.97 a | 81.93 ± 0.36 b | 90.60 ± 0.50 b |
2 | Ferulic acid | 3.33 ± 0.04 h | 18.52 ± 0.13 e | 5.11 ± 0.25 e | 6.36 ± 0.16 e |
3 | Gallic Acid | 32.24 ± 0.45 d | 0.00 f | 11.58 ± 0.49 d | 16.41 ± 0.03 c |
4 | Paraben | 17.40 ± 1.90 e | 48.12 ± 1.75 b | 15.30 ± 0.66 c | 17.87 ± 0.37 c |
5 | p-Coumaric acid | 6.56 ± 0.37 g | 1.72 ± 0.29 f | 2.04 ± 0.04 ef | 3.07 ± 0.16 f |
6 | p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 13.00 ± 0.04 f | 43.85 ± 0.51 f | 9.99 ± 0.66 d | 16.76 ± 0.28 c |
7 | Protocatechuic acid | 48.34 ± 0.33 c | 43.90 ± 0.24 c | 93.52 ± 0.45 a | 125.5 ± 0.89 a |
8 | Syringic acid | 7.80 ± 0.33 g | 0.00 f | 0.44 ± 0.019 f | 0.40 ± 0.06 g |
9 | Vanillic acid | 198.4 ± 2.82 a | 38.02 ± 0.61 d | 8.61 ± 0.29 d | 8.42 ± 0.39 d |
Compound Names | A. mellea (%) | M. procera (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MA | PT | MA | PT | |
Sugar compositions | 62.90 | 48.93 | 59.00 | 53.71 |
Amino acids | 10.7 | 1.34 | 3.57 | 23.06 |
Fatty acids | 6.11 | 30 | 6.37 | 5 |
Organic acids | 11.2 | 7.78 | 21 | 7.44 |
Other groups | 9.07 | 11.94 | 10.06 | 10.78 |
Total | 99.98 | 99.99 | 100 | 99.99 |
Assays | A. mellea | M. procera | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A. | DPPH radical-scavenging activity | MA | 1.06 ± 0.12 * | 1.19 ± 0.05 ns |
PT | 1.32 ± 0.09 * | 1.31 ± 0.05 ns | ||
B. | β-carotene/linoleate assay | MA | 0.43 ± 0.01 *** | 0.16 ± 0.03 ** |
PT | 0.53 ± 0.01 *** | 0.09 ± 0.02 ** | ||
C. | Ferricyanide/Prussian blue assay | MA | 0.52 ± 0.02 *** | 0.96 ± 0.01 *** |
PT | 0.62 ± 0.01 *** | 1.11 ± 0.02 *** |
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Erbiai, E.H.; da Silva, L.P.; Saidi, R.; Lamrani, Z.; Esteves da Silva, J.C.G.; Maouni, A. Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal). Biomolecules 2021, 11, 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040575
Erbiai EH, da Silva LP, Saidi R, Lamrani Z, Esteves da Silva JCG, Maouni A. Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal). Biomolecules. 2021; 11(4):575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040575
Chicago/Turabian StyleErbiai, El Hadi, Luís Pinto da Silva, Rabah Saidi, Zouhaire Lamrani, Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva, and Abdelfettah Maouni. 2021. "Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal)" Biomolecules 11, no. 4: 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040575