Characteristics and Expression Analyses of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Family in Prunus mume Reveal Genes Involved in Trehalose Biosynthesis and Drought Response
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Experimental Design
2.2. Relative Water Content Measurement
2.3. Trehalose Content Detection in P. mume
2.4. Genomic Data Collection of P. mume and 11 Other Plants
2.5. Identification of TPS Family Members in P. mume and 11 Other Plants
2.6. Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Tree Construction of the TPS Family
2.7. Gene Features Analyses and Protein Subcellular Localization of TPS Family in P. mume
2.8. TPS Genes Structure and Cis-Acting Elements Analyses in P. mume
2.9. Protein Motif and Conserved Domains Analysis
2.10. Gene Duplication Analyses of TPS Family in P. mume
2.11. Selection Force Estimation
2.12. Functional Divergence in TPS Family Protein Sequence Evolution
2.13. Expression Patterns of PmTPSs in Leaf, Stem, and Root
2.14. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
3. Results
3.1. Relative Water Content Changes of Soil and Leaf Tissues during the Drought Period
3.2. Trehalose Levels in Leaf, Stem, and Root of P. mume under Normal Conditions and Drought Stress
3.3. Identification, Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Analyses of TPS Family in P. mume
3.4. Gene Structure and Promoter Cis-Acting Elements Analyses of PmTPSs
3.5. Protein Domain Analyses and Multiple Sequences Alignment of TPS Family in P. mume
3.6. Expansion and Evolution Analyses of TPS Family Members in P. mume
3.7. Evolution and Function Divergence Analyses of Rosaceae Plants
3.8. Expression Profile Analysis of TPS Genes in Leaf, Stem, and Root Tissues of P. mume
3.9. Expression Pattern Analysis of PmTPSs under Drought Stress
4. Discussion
4.1. Trehalose Function in P. mume Response to Drought
4.2. Characteristics of TPS Family in P. mume
4.3. Functional Evolution Analyses of TPS Family in Rosaceae
4.4. Roles of PmTPSs in Trehalose Biosynthesis in P. mume
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | N a | dN/dS(ω) under M0 b | 2Δ/M3vs.M0 c | 2Δ/M8vs.M7 | M8 Estimates d | Selective Position e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 21 | 0.11642 | 333.308 ** | 4.551342 | p1 = 0.00414 ω = 2.40953 (p = 0.22333 q = 1.52122) | 5V,13Y,32K,37L,424S,437A,545K*,549K,673T,674D,675T,700P,701V,707N |
II1 | 20 | 0.06074 | 184.367 ** | 0.01504 | p1 = 0.00001 w = 42.36549 (p = 0.28727 q = 3.69465) | 68S,302S,317M,321R |
II2 | 11 | 0.09378 | 282.973 ** | 0.045086 | p1 = 0.00376 w = 1 (p = 0.27992 q = 2.27746) | 3L,54S,305I,314Q,411L,435S,497G |
II3 | 20 | 0.12158 | 276.959 ** | 0.01508 | p1 = 0.00001 w = 16.38964 (p = 0.28482 q = 1.78922) | 10A,29S,30T,240Q,251S,332P,373L,378L,380I,382E,455A,709S,712S |
II4 | 8 | 0.15098 | 92.617 ** | 6.04069 | p1 = 0.00808 w = 3.5522 (p = 0.29967 q = 1.6545) | 42S,43H,67S,84K,109S,311Q,357F,387Q,455D,456R,651A,785S,790V,834L,837V,843G |
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Yang, Y.; Ma, K.; Zhang, T.; Li, L.; Wang, J.; Cheng, T.; Zhang, Q. Characteristics and Expression Analyses of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Family in Prunus mume Reveal Genes Involved in Trehalose Biosynthesis and Drought Response. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101358
Yang Y, Ma K, Zhang T, Li L, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Characteristics and Expression Analyses of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Family in Prunus mume Reveal Genes Involved in Trehalose Biosynthesis and Drought Response. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(10):1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101358
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yongjuan, Kaifeng Ma, Tengxun Zhang, Lulu Li, Jia Wang, Tangren Cheng, and Qixiang Zhang. 2020. "Characteristics and Expression Analyses of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Family in Prunus mume Reveal Genes Involved in Trehalose Biosynthesis and Drought Response" Biomolecules 10, no. 10: 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101358