Quantitative Determination of Common Urinary Odorants and Their Glucuronide Conjugates in Human Urine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Quantification of Odorants in Native Human Urine
2.2. Quantification of Odorants in Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Human Urine
2.2.1. Addition of Sodium Azide
2.2.2. Quantification of Selected Odorants in Glucuronidase-Treated Human Urine
3. Discussion
No. 1,2 | Compound 3 | Median concentration native urine [µg/mol creatinine] | Median concentration glucuronidase-treated urine [µg/mol creatinine] | Factor 4 | Percentage 5 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 44 | 952 | 22 | 5 // 95 |
3 | 4-vinylguaiacol | 290 | 7890 | 27 | 4 // 96 |
4 | (E)-β-damascenone | 1.6 | 52 | 33 | 3 // 97 |
5 | dimethyl trisulfide | 52 | 855 | 16 | 6 // 94 |
6 | guaiacol | 34 | 22000 | 647 | 0 // 100 |
7 | indole | 52 | 33200 | 638 | 0 // 100 |
8 | methional | 82 | 904 | 11 | 9 // 91 |
9 | skatole | 28 | 97 | 3 | 29 // 71 |
10 | vanillin | 510 | 6300 | 12 | 8 // 92 |
4. Experimental
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Study Design
4.3. Donors
4.4. Samples
4.5. Measurement of Creatinine
4.6. Solvent Extraction and Solvent Assisted Flavor Evaporation of Urine Volatiles
4.6.1. Isolation of the Volatile Fraction without Enzymatic Hydrolysis
4.6.2. Enzymatic Hydrolysis (β-Glucuronidase Assays)
4.6.3. Addition of Sodium Azide
4.7. Two-Dimensional High Resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-HRGC-MS)
4.8. High Resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HRGC-MS)
4.9. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Wagenstaller, M.; Buettner, A. Quantitative Determination of Common Urinary Odorants and Their Glucuronide Conjugates in Human Urine. Metabolites 2013, 3, 637-657. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo3030637
Wagenstaller M, Buettner A. Quantitative Determination of Common Urinary Odorants and Their Glucuronide Conjugates in Human Urine. Metabolites. 2013; 3(3):637-657. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo3030637
Chicago/Turabian StyleWagenstaller, Maria, and Andrea Buettner. 2013. "Quantitative Determination of Common Urinary Odorants and Their Glucuronide Conjugates in Human Urine" Metabolites 3, no. 3: 637-657. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo3030637