Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in 102 Patients with Peyronie’s Disease
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Purpose of This Study
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- The assessment of the OS index in PD patients and in the subjects of the control group;
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- The investigation of a potential relationship between the penile OSI values and the penile plaque volumes;
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- The investigation of a potential relationship between systemic OSI values (obtained from blood samples from a peripheral vein) and plaque volumes;
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- The investigation of a potential relationship between systemic OSI values and penile OSI values;
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- The identification of normal penile OSI values indicative of disease area regression (PD plaque);
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- The investigation of a potential correlation between penile OSI values and chronic pathological conditions;
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- The investigation of a potential correlation between systemic OSI values and chronic pathological conditions in progress;
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- The investigation of a potential correlation between penile OSI values and an anxious–depressive state;
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- The investigation of a potential correlation between systemic OSI values and an anxious–depressive state.
2.2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.2.2. Data Collection
2.2.3. Sample Collection
2.2.4. Plasma Collection
2.2.5. d-ROMs and PAT Measurements
2.2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group of PD Patients (no. 102) Mean Age 49.01 Years (SD ± 11.50) | Control Group (no. 100) Mean Age 49.12 Years (SD ± 11.23) | Statistical Analysis PD Group Versus Control Group (t-Test) p-Value = 0.950 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | No. of patients (out of 102) (%) | No. of patients (out of 100) (%) | p-value (chi-square test) | ||
Race | |||||
Caucasian | 102 (100%) | 100 (100%) | 1.000 | ||
Age Range | |||||
From 20 to 40 years | 25 (24.50%) | 26 (26.0%) | 0.807 | ||
From 41 to 70 years | 77 (75.49%) | 74 (74.0%) | 0.807 | ||
Clinical condition associated with PD patients | No. of patients (out of 102) (%) | No. of patients (out of 100) (%) | Statistical analysis Group of PD patients versus Control group p-value (chi-square test) | ||
Penile curvature | 94 (92.1%) | Average penile curvature Angle (degrees) = 35.07° | 0 | Average penile curvature Angle (degrees) = 0° | <0.0001 |
Penile pain | 54 (52.9%) | Mean VAS score = 4.4 | 0 | Mean VAS score = 0 | <0.0001 |
Erectile dysfunction | 40 (39.2%) | Mean IIEF score = 21.1 | 0 | Mean IIEF score = 26.5 | <0.0001 |
Significant anxiety | 80 (78.4%) | Mean GAD-7 score = 16.4 | 18 (18%) | Mean GAD-7 score = 7.4 | <0.0001 |
Significant depression | 58 (56.8%) | Mean PHQ-9 score = 15.2 | 6 (6.0%) | Mean PHQ-9 score = 2.6 | <0.0001 |
Cigarette smoking | 34 (33.3%) | Mean no. of cigarettes per day = 9.2 | 32 (32.0%) | Mean no. of cigarettes per day = 8.9 | 0.891 |
Clinical Condition Associated with PD Patients | No. of Patients (out of 102) | Correlation with Penile OS Index Values (YES or NO) | Correlation with Systemic OS Index Values (YES or NO) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penile pain | 54 (52.9%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.562) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.179) | NO |
Penile curvature | 94 (92.1%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.245) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.621) | NO |
Erectile dysfunction | 40 (39.2%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.384) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.327) | NO |
Significant anxiety | 80 (78.4%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.795) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.926) | NO |
Significant depression | 58 (56.8%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.575) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.231) | NO |
Cigarette smoking | 34 (33.3%) | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.927) | NO | Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p = 0.895) | NO |
PD Patients (no. = 102) Mean (SD±) | Control Group (no. = 100) Mean (SD±) | Statistical Analysis p-Value (t-Test) | |
---|---|---|---|
d-ROM values (Carr. U.) | 487.5 (±91.4) | 327.67 (±75.85) | <0.0001 |
PAT values (Cor. U.) | 3011.77 (±558.06) | 3487.76 (±595.61) | <0.0001 |
OS Index (OSI) | 16.49 (±3.15) | 9.1 (±1.65) | <0.0001 |
PHQ-9 Score Range | No. Total Cases (%) | |
---|---|---|
No depression | 0 | 4 (3.9) |
Minimal depression | 1–4 | 6 (5.8) |
Mild depression | 5–9 | 34 (33.3) |
Moderate depression | 10–14 | 32 (31.3) |
Moderately severe depression | 15–19 | 22 (21.5) |
Severe depression | 20–27 | 4 (3.9) |
Significantdepression | 10–27 | 58 (56.8) |
TOTAL | 102 (100) | |
GAD-7 Score Range | No. Total Cases (%) | |
No anxiety | 0 | 0 |
Minimal or mild anxiety | 1–9 | 22 (21.5) |
Moderate anxiety | 10–14 | 40 (39.2) |
Severe anxiety | 15–21 | 40 (39.2) |
Significant anxiety | 10–21 | 80 (78.4) |
TOTAL | 102 (100) |
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Paulis, G.; Paulis, A.; De Giorgio, G.; Quattrocchi, S. Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in 102 Patients with Peyronie’s Disease. Metabolites 2025, 15, 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080503
Paulis G, Paulis A, De Giorgio G, Quattrocchi S. Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in 102 Patients with Peyronie’s Disease. Metabolites. 2025; 15(8):503. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080503
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulis, Gianni, Andrea Paulis, Giovanni De Giorgio, and Salvatore Quattrocchi. 2025. "Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in 102 Patients with Peyronie’s Disease" Metabolites 15, no. 8: 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080503
APA StylePaulis, G., Paulis, A., De Giorgio, G., & Quattrocchi, S. (2025). Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in 102 Patients with Peyronie’s Disease. Metabolites, 15(8), 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080503