Lactate Reprograms Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived Oxidative Glioma Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Lactate Sustains the Growth of Oxidative GSCs during Glucose Deprivation
2.2. Expression of LDHB Correlates with the Rescue Effect of Lactate in Glucose-Deprived GSCs
2.3. Lactate Supports Energy Production and Modulates Redox Balance in Glucose-Deprived GSCs
2.4. Lactate Reprograms Catabolic Processes in Glucose-Deprived GSCs
2.5. Lactate Reprograms Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived GSCs
2.6. Lactate Sustains Aggressiveness of GSCs during Glucose Deprivation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. GSCs and Cell Culture
4.2. Sphere Growth Assay
4.3. Measurement of Lactate Concentration
4.4. Immunoblot Analysis
4.5. RT and Real-Time PCR Analysis
4.6. Measurement of OCR
4.7. Measurement of Intracellular ATP
4.8. Measurement of Total NADPH Plus NADP+ and GSH Levels
4.9. Measurement of ROS
4.10. Metabolomics Analysis
4.11. Animal Experiments
4.12. Confocal Microscopy of Brain Explants
4.13. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability:
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minami, N.; Tanaka, K.; Sasayama, T.; Kohmura, E.; Saya, H.; Sampetrean, O. Lactate Reprograms Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived Oxidative Glioma Stem Cells. Metabolites 2021, 11, 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050325
Minami N, Tanaka K, Sasayama T, Kohmura E, Saya H, Sampetrean O. Lactate Reprograms Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived Oxidative Glioma Stem Cells. Metabolites. 2021; 11(5):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050325
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinami, Noriaki, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Takashi Sasayama, Eiji Kohmura, Hideyuki Saya, and Oltea Sampetrean. 2021. "Lactate Reprograms Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Glucose-Deprived Oxidative Glioma Stem Cells" Metabolites 11, no. 5: 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050325