Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Hematological Parameters
2.2. Blood and Plasma Viscosity
2.3. Red Blood Cell Deformability
2.4. Red Blood Cell Aggregation
2.5. Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Respiratory Exchange Rate, and Lactate Concentration
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Volunteers
4.2. Spiroergometry Tests and Collection of Blood Samples
4.3. Laboratory Methods
4.3.1. Hematological Parameters
4.3.2. Hemorheological Parameters
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | UnTrained Control Group | Professional Soccer Players | Professional Ice Hockey Players | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before/After Ratio | Before | After | Before/After Ratio | Before | After | Before/After Ratio | |
WBC [×109/L] | 6.53 ± 0.99 | 11.86 ± 2.34 * | 1.81 ± 0.22 | 5.22 ± 1.21 # | 9.28 ± 2.39 *,# | 1.78 ± 0.37 | 5.48 ± 0.84 # | 11.01 ± 2.08 *,+ | 2.05 ± 0.52 |
Lymph [%] | 37.36 ± 10.77 | 46.24 ± 8.16 * | 1.28 ± 0.21 | 32.39 ± 5.52 | 43.47 ± 8.34 * | 1.31 ± 0.21 | 34.12 ± 7.99 + | 35.01 ± 11.77 #,+ | 1.04 ± 0.27 #,+ |
Gr+Mo [%] | 10.54 ± 2.23 | 10.21 ± 2.78 | 0.97 ± 0.16 | 9.08 ± 2.54 # | 8.43 ± 2.43 # | 1.06 ± 0.47 | 13.79 ± 3.85 #,+ | 11.44 ± 4.45 + | 0.82 ± 0.18 #,+ |
RBC [×1012/L] | 5.06 ± 0.25 | 5.45 ± 0.25 * | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 5.24 ± 0.19 # | 5.53 ± 0.22 * | 1.06 ± 0.03 # | 5.14 ± 0.33 | 5.41 ± 0.41 * | 1.05 ± 0.03 # |
Hct [%] | 45.14 ± 2.11 | 49.45 ± 2.29 * | 1.10 ± 0.03 | 45.52 ± 1.56 | 49.02 ± 1.42 * | 1.08 ± 0.03 # | 45.71 ± 1.74 | 49.27 ± 2.78 * | 1.08 ± 0.03 |
Hgb [g/L] | 15.46 ± 0.84 | 16.77 ± 0.97 * | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 15.68 ± 0.73 | 16.53 ± 1.07 * | 1.06 ± 0.06 # | 15.65 ± 0.68 | 17.86 ± 6.21 * | 1.14 ± 0.41 # |
MCV [fL] | 89.24 ± 3.05 | 90.74 ± 2.87 * | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 86.95 ± 3.07 # | 88.62 ± 3.06 *,# | 1.02 ± 0.01 | 89.09 ± 3.25 + | 91.21 ± 3.90 *,+ | 1.02 ± 0.01 #,+ |
MCH [pg] | 30.57 ± 1.34 | 30.76 ± 1.49 | 1.01 ± 0.01 | 29.95 ± 1.47 | 29.91 ± 2.33 | 1.00 ± 0.06 | 30.51 ± 1.12 | 31.98 ± 1.15 | 1.05 ± 0.21 |
MCHC [g/L] | 34.24 ± 0.72 | 33.90 ± 0.85 | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 34.44 ± 0.89 | 33.75 ± 2.19 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 34.24 ± 0.54 | 33.71 ± 0.64 *,+ | 0.98 ± 0.02 |
Plt [×109/L] | 231.45 ± 49.71 | 301.59 ± 66.13 * | 1.31 ± 0.08 | 215.46 ± 22.61 | 287.25 ± 41.43 * | 1.31 ± 0.14 | 224.75 ± 38.89 | 288.67 ± 45.53 * | 1.29 ± 0.10 |
MPV [fL] | 10.77 ± 0.77 | 11.09 ± 0.91 | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 10.35 ± 1.23 | 10.46 ± 1.19 | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 10.40 ± 0.92 | 10.88 ± 1.00 | 1.05 ± 0.04 |
Before/After Ratio of | Untrained Control Group | Professional Soccer Players | Professional Ice Hockey Players |
---|---|---|---|
WBV [mPas] | 1.20 ± 0.08 | 1.10 ± 0.10 # | 1.12 ± 0.05 # |
PV [mPas] | 1.18 ± 0.19 | 1.41 ± 0.77 | 1.09 ± 0.11 |
Hct40% [%] | 1.08 ± 0.06 | 1.03 ± 0.13 | 1.03 ± 0.06 # |
Hct/WBV [mPas−1] | 0.91 ± 0.046 | 0.99 ± 0.11 # | 0.96 ± 0.04 # |
EI at 3 Pa | 1.02 ± 0.11 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 1.02 ± 0.04 |
EImax | 1.13 ± 0.55 | 0.98 ± 0.04 # | 0.1 ± 0.04 |
SS1/2 [Pa] | 1.02 ± 0.37 | 0.96 ± 0.14 | 0.96 ± 0.17 |
EImax/SS1/2 [Pa−1] | 1.34 ± 1.32 | 1.04 ± 0.11 | 1.06 ± 0.15 |
Variable | Untrained Control Group | Professional Soccer Players | Professional Ice Hockey Players | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | |
EI min | 0.117 ± 0.007 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 1.029 ± 0.069 | 0.13 ± 0.013 # | 0.128 ± 0.009 # | 0.992 ± 0.079 | 0.122 ± 0.01 | 0.119 ± 0.008 + | 0.979 ± 0.074 |
EImax | 0.548 ± 0.011 | 0.547 ± 0.011 | 0.999 ± 0.034 | 0.569 ± 0.015# | 0.558 ± 0.007 *,# | 0.978 ± 0.022 | 0.554 ± 0.011 + | 0.566 ± 0.008 *,#,+ | 1.022 ± 0.027 + |
EI hyper | 0.2742 ± 0.005 | 0.2738 ± 0.005 | 0.999 ± 0.033 | 0.284 ± 0.007 # | 0.279 ± 0.004 *# | 0.978 ± 0.021 | 0.277 ± 0.005 + | 0.283 ± 0.004 *,#,+ | 1.021 ± 0.027 + |
O min [mOsm/L] | 139.09 ± 3.96 | 145.45 ± 4.69 * | 1.04 ± 0.02 | 137.5 ± 4.381 | 141.08 ± 4.72 # | 1.021 ± 0.03 # | 138.66 ± 4.81 | 140.75 ± 4.22 # | 1.015 ± 0.016 # |
O (EImax) [mOsm/L] | 281.54 ± 16.38 | 278.64 ± 29.33 | 0.992 ± 0.115 | 288.64 ± 9.45 | 291.33 ± 11.63 | 1.007 ± 0.03 | 282.5 ± 9.01 | 289.5 ± 9.67 | 1.025 ± 0.022 |
O hyper [mOsm/L] | 413.55 ± 14.14 | 418.82 ± 15.09 | 1.012 ± 0.016 | 418.21 ± 15 | 422.91 ± 16.26 | 1.008 ± 0.019 | 424.83 ± 9.97 # | 425.5 ± 11.21 | 1.002 ± 0.015 |
Area | 143.98 ± 5.94 | 142.97 ± 5.11 | 0.994 ± 0.034 | 150.2 ± 6.63 # | 147.91 ± 5.91 # | 0.98 ± 0.024 # | 150.51 ± 4.71 # | 153.95 ± 3.54 #,+ | 1.024 ± 0.038 + |
Variable | UnTrained Control Group | Professional Soccer Players | Professional Ice Hockey Players | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | Before | After | Before/ After Ratio | |
M 5 s | 3.38 ± 1.13 | 2.81 ± 1.07 * | 0.89 ± 0.36 | 2.97 ± 1.07 | 2.65 ± 0.96 | 0.99 ± 0.64 | 3.39 ± 0.88 | 3.00 ± 1.41 * | 0.88 ± 0.32 |
M1 5 s | 2.75 ± 1.23 | 4.07 ± 1.15 * | 1.80 ± 1.02 | 2.78 ± 1.03 | 3.61 ± 1.01 *,# | 1.53 ± 0.94 | 3.14 ± 1.30 | 4.02 ± 1.14 * | 1.34 ± 0.44 |
M 10 s | 9.43 ± 3.97 | 9.00 ± 3.08 | 1.07 ± 0.41 | 7.62 ± 3.34 # | 8.00 ± 2.55 | 1.27 ± 0.69 | 8.89 ± 3.36 | 8.36 ± 3.12 | 1.03 ± 0.50 |
M1 10 s | 7.27 ± 2.57 | 10.53 ± 3.41 * | 1.61 ± 0.68 | 6.20 ± 3.07 | 8.94 ± 2.86 *,# | 1.74 ± 0.99 | 7.98 ± 3.80 + | 9.81 ± 3.89 * | 1.49 ± 0.97 # |
AI [%] | 74.83 ± 18.44 | 86.45 ± 10.12 * | 1.24 ± 0.44 | 63.41 ± 4.90 # | 68.31 ± 3.59 *,# | 1.09 ± 0.06 | 78.43 ± 15.65 + | 79.19 ± 9.59 #,+ | 1.03 ± 0.15 #,+ |
Amp [au] | 7.05 ± 4.80 | 4.55 ± 4.20 | 0.79 ± 0.29 | 16.80 ± 2.66 # | 15.54 ± 2.26 # | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 1.39 ± 2.95 #,+ | 0.20 ± 0.27 #,+ | 0.85 ± 0.90 |
t1/2 [s] | 1.91 ± 2.04 | 0.97 ± 1.01 | 2.01 ± 3.26 | 2.25 ± 0.49 | 1.70 ± 0.29 *,# | 0.75 ± 0.15 | 1.48 ± 1.29 + | 1.36 ± 0.68 #,+ | 1.89 ± 1.96 + |
Group | RER | Lactatemax [mmol/L] | Lactate5′ [mmol/L] | Lactatemax/Lactate5′ | R2 of RER and Lactatemax | R2 of RER and Lactate5′ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Untrained control group | 1.22 ± 0.08 | 12.71 ± 1.91 | 12.29 ± 2 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 0.4176 | 0.1319 |
Professional soccer players | 1.18 ± 0.05 | 14.94 ± 3.01 # | 14.58 ± 2.96 # | 1.03 ± 0.16 | 0.0029 | 0.0287 |
Professional ice hockey players | 1.13 ± 0.04 #,+ | 13.26 ± 1.96 | 12.53 ± 2.16 | 1.07 ± 0.14 | 0.2027 | 0.1439 |
Group | Age [year] | Height [cm] | Weight [kg] | BMI [kg/m2] | Percent Body Fat [%] | Skeletal Muscle Mass [kg] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Untrained control group | 25.09 ± 2.55 | 184.09 ± 5.82 | 89.55 ± 13.02 | 26.36 ± 3.41 | 20.41 ± 3.91 | 38.87 ± 1.94 |
Professional soccer players | 22.71 ± 3.43 | 182.21 ± 5.63 | 77.79 ± 6.55 # | 23.64 ± 1.08 | 10.03 ± 4.55 # | 39.69 ± 3.54 |
Professional ice hockey players | 24.25 ± 4.29 | 183.92 ± 5.6 | 86.17 ± 8.72 + | 25.42 ± 1.68 + | 16.46 ± 3.94 #,+ | 43.35 ± 8.83 # |
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Szanto, S.; Mody, T.; Gyurcsik, Z.; Babjak, L.B.; Somogyi, V.; Barath, B.; Varga, A.; Matrai, A.A.; Nemeth, N. Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen. Metabolites 2021, 11, 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120870
Szanto S, Mody T, Gyurcsik Z, Babjak LB, Somogyi V, Barath B, Varga A, Matrai AA, Nemeth N. Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen. Metabolites. 2021; 11(12):870. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120870
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzanto, Sandor, Tobias Mody, Zsuzsanna Gyurcsik, Laszlo Balint Babjak, Viktoria Somogyi, Barbara Barath, Adam Varga, Adam Attila Matrai, and Norbert Nemeth. 2021. "Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen" Metabolites 11, no. 12: 870. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120870