Impacts of Constitutive and Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels on Wheat Resistance to the Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Evaluation of Wheat Resistance to S. avenae
2.2. Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Behavior of Benzoxazinoids
2.3. Constitutive Benzoxazinoid Levels in Wheat Seedlings and Their Correlation with S. avenae Resistance
2.4. Induced Levels of Benzoxazinoids in Aphid Infested Wheat Seedlings and Their Correlation with S. avenae Resistance
2.5. The Relationship between Aphid-Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels and Callose Deposition
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Wheat and Aphids
4.2. Evaluation of Wheat Resistance to S. avenae
4.3. Benzoxazinoids Analysis
4.4. Callose Induction and Visualization
4.5. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Molecular Structure | Substituent Group | Acronym | MW | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | ||||
Lactams | H | H | H | HBOA | 165 | |
H | H | Glc | HBOA-Glc | 327 | ||
CH3O | H | H | HMBOA | 195 | ||
CH3O | H | Glc | HMBOA-Glc | 357 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | H | HM2BOA | 225 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | Glc | HM2BOA-Glc | 387 | ||
OH | H | H | DHBOA | 181 | ||
OH | H | Glc | DHBOA-Glc | 343 | ||
Hydroxamic acids | H | H | H | DIBOA | 181 | |
H | H | Glc | DIBOA-Glc | 343 | ||
CH3O | H | H | DIMBOA | 211 | ||
CH3O | H | Glc | DIMBOA-Glc | 373 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | H | DIM2BOA | 241 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | Glc | DIM2BOA-Glc | 403 | ||
OH | H | H | TRIBOA | 197 | ||
OH | H | Glc | TRIBOA-Glc | 359 | ||
Methyl derivatives | CH3O | H | H | HDMBOA | 225 | |
CH3O | H | Glc | HDMBOA-Glc | 387 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | H | HDM2BOA | 255 | ||
CH3O | CH3O | Glc | HDM2BOA-Glc | 417 |
Varieties/Lines | DHBOA-Glc | HBOA-Glc | HMBOA-Glc | DIMBOA-Glc | HDMBOA-Glc | DIMBOA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XY6 | 91.84 ± 5.72 abcd | 433.01 ± 48.94 bc | 265.60 ± 10.74 ab | 699.55 ± 28.42 ab | 67.10 ± 9.72 bcd | 7.99 ± 0.56 def |
XY22 | 129.50 ± 9.65 ab | 369.41 ± 52.84 bcd | 284.19 ± 16.11 ab | 669.88 ± 17.93 abc | 14.17 ± 1.54 g | 7.91 ± 0.56 def |
XY22-3 | 65.36 ± 6.68 cde | 250.58 ± 56.20 de | 256.60 ± 27.58 ab | 754.22 ± 100.70 ab | 28.38 ± 6.46 defg | 7.58 ± 2.02 def |
XY22-5 | 164.01 ± 11.69 a | 379.32 ± 58.29 bcd | 239.75 ± 5.21 ab | 275.77 ± 11.24 e | 140.39 ± 10.26 ab | 12.07 ± 0.76 cdef |
98-10-19 | 87.83 ± 11.80 abcd | 242.04 ± 41.59 de | 220.48 ± 19.50 b | 410.60 ± 113.04 cde | 43.20 ± 6.88 cdef | 13.38 ± 1.24 bcd |
98-10-30 | 106.89 ± 16.12 abc | 475.30 ± 63.57 ab | 151.67 ± 11.71 c | 552.50 ± 56.70 bcd | 157.03 ± 14.73 a | 6.15 ± 0.64 ef |
TM-39 | 136.84 ± 24.73 ab | 602.67 ± 66.70 a | 230.48 ± 24.50 ab | 699.71 ± 28.45 ab | 22.33 ± 1.72 fg | 18.11 ± 1.52 abc |
TM-47 | 117.45 ± 16.68 abc | 160.89 ± 31.87 e | 131.01 ± 8.78 c | 283.50 ± 21.64 de | 48.93 ± 9.35 bcde | 11.61 ± 0.65 cde |
XN979 | 96.75 ± 4.59 abc | 293.99 ± 16.55 cde | 225.52 ± 29.07 ab | 423.55 ± 53.36 cde | 63.03 ± 4.97 abc | 6.32 ± 1.12 def |
MX169 | 33.27 ± 7.63 e | 150.85 ± 10.12 e | 284.40 ± 29.78 ab | 309.70 ± 17.33 de | 37.64 ± 3.93 cdef | 4.00 ± 0.48 f |
AK58 | 67.01 ± 6.62 bcde | 471.57 ± 56.31 ab | 150.20 ± 11.86 c | 687.25 ± 26.53 ab | 9.10 ± 0.50 h | 34.06 ± 4.36 a |
XN1376 | 60.06 ± 4.12 de | 260.46 ± 15.07 de | 251.27 ± 32.14 ab | 806.76 ± 18.01 ab | 22.60 ± 0.39 efg | 9.05 ± 2.26 cdef |
S122 | 61.65 ± 3.86 de | 502.18 ± 40.98 ab | 297.49 ± 27.03 a | 901.01 ± 27.48 a | 23.84 ± 1.11 efg | 19.15 ± 1.35 ab |
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Zhang, Z.; Lan, H.; Cao, H.; Hu, X.; Fan, Y.; Song, Y.; Wu, L.; Liu, T.-X. Impacts of Constitutive and Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels on Wheat Resistance to the Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae). Metabolites 2021, 11, 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110783
Zhang Z, Lan H, Cao H, Hu X, Fan Y, Song Y, Wu L, Liu T-X. Impacts of Constitutive and Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels on Wheat Resistance to the Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae). Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):783. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110783
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhanfeng, Hao Lan, Hehe Cao, Xiangshun Hu, Yongliang Fan, Yue Song, Lijuan Wu, and Tong-Xian Liu. 2021. "Impacts of Constitutive and Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels on Wheat Resistance to the Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae)" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110783