Proteinuria-Lowering Effects of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Real-World Multicentric Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Baseline Characteristics
2.2. Baseline Kidney Function
2.3. Baseline Lipid Profile
2.4. Lipid and Kidney Outcomes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Patient Characteristics
4.2. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Epidemiological Variables and Comorbidities | |
---|---|
Age (years) | 66 ± 10 |
Sex (male, %) | 52 (68) |
Hypertension (n, %) | 64 (84) |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 52 (68) |
Ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 38 (50) |
Heart failure (n, %) | 17 (22) |
Cerebrovascular disease (n, %) | 12 (16) |
Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 14 (18) |
Treatment | |
Statins (n, %) | 68 (90) |
- Atorvastatin | 46 (61) |
- Rosuvastatin | 13 (17) |
- Others | 9 (12) |
Ezetimibe (n, %) | 45 (59) |
Fibrates (n, %) | 12 (16) |
RAAS inhibitors (n, %) | 49 (65) |
SGLT2i (n, %) | 2 (3) |
Immunosuppression (n, %) | 0 (0) |
Kidney Function | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.55 ± 0.77 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52 ± 22 |
UPCR (mg/g) | 57 (9–481) |
CKD stages (n, %) | |
- Stage 1 | 7 (9) |
- Stage 2 | 23 (30) |
- Stage 3a | 16 (21) |
- Stage 3b | 18 (24) |
- Stage 4 | 12 (16) |
CKD etiology (n, %) | |
- Hypertension | 32 (42) |
- Diabetic renal disease | 16 (21) |
- Unknown | 15 (20) |
- Glomerulonephritis | 7 (9) |
- Others | 3 (4) |
- Interstitial | 2 (3) |
- Hereditary | 1(1) |
Lipid Profile | |
- Total cholesterol (mg/g) | 235 ± 71 |
- LDL-C (mg/g) | 154 ± 50 |
- HDL-C (mg/g) | 51 ± 12 |
- Triglycerides (mg/g) | 160 (127–254) |
Baseline | 1 Month | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | p for Trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 235 ± 71 | 156 ± 71 | 145 ± 58 | 139 ± 47 | 147 ± 41 | <0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 154 ± 50 | 72 ± 43 | 64 ± 58 | 63 ± 39 | 62 ± 38 | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51 ± 12 | 50 ± 13 | 50 ± 13 | 50 ± 11 | 48 ± 11 | 0.583 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) † | 160 (127–254) | 138 (95–191) | 130 (90–193) | 130 (102–199) | 146 (111–188) | 0.002 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.55 ± 0.77 | 1.58 ± 0.66 | 1.59 ± 0.61 | 1.55 ± 0.84 | 1.66 ± 0.91 | 0.737 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52 ± 22 | 47 ± 20 | 46 ± 18 | 51 ± 21 | 48 ± 22 | 0.287 |
UPCR (mg/g) † | 57 (9–481) | 34 (5–353) | 22 (4–376) | 25 (4–248) | 30 (7–520) | 0.021 |
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Muñoz Ramos, P.; Gil Giraldo, Y.; Álvarez-Chiva, V.; Arroyo, D.; Sango Merino, C.; Moncho Francés, F.; Ocaña, J.; Reque, J.; Sánchez-Álvarez, E.; Górriz, J.L.; et al. Proteinuria-Lowering Effects of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Real-World Multicentric Study. Metabolites 2021, 11, 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110760
Muñoz Ramos P, Gil Giraldo Y, Álvarez-Chiva V, Arroyo D, Sango Merino C, Moncho Francés F, Ocaña J, Reque J, Sánchez-Álvarez E, Górriz JL, et al. Proteinuria-Lowering Effects of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Real-World Multicentric Study. Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):760. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110760
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuñoz Ramos, Patricia, Yohana Gil Giraldo, Vicente Álvarez-Chiva, David Arroyo, Cristina Sango Merino, Francesc Moncho Francés, Javier Ocaña, Javier Reque, Emilio Sánchez-Álvarez, José Luis Górriz, and et al. 2021. "Proteinuria-Lowering Effects of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Real-World Multicentric Study" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110760