A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and  Performance Estimation

Kusche, Roman; Malhotra, Ankit; Ryschka, Martin; Ardelt, Gunther; Klimach, Paula; Kaufmann, Steffen

doi:10.3390/electronics4030507

Open AccessArticle

A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation

by

Roman Kusche

^1,2,*,

Ankit Malhotra

^1,3,

Martin Ryschka

^1,*,

Gunther Ardelt

⁴,

Paula Klimach

^1,2 and

Steffen Kaufmann

^1,3

¹

Laboratory of Medical Electronics (LME), Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

²

Graduate School for Computing in Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

³

Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

⁴

Center of Excellence CoSA (Communications—Systems—Applications), Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, 23562 Lübeck, Germany

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Electronics 2015, 4(3), 507-525; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030507

Submission received: 5 May 2015 / Revised: 19 July 2015 / Accepted: 22 July 2015 / Published: 29 July 2015

(This article belongs to the Special Issue FPGA and SoC Devices Applied to New Trends in Image/Video and Signal Processing Fields)

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Abstract

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging method that is able to estimate the electrical conductivity distribution of living tissue. This work presents a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based multi-frequency EIT system for complex, time-resolved bioimpedance measurements. The system has the capability to work with measurement setups with up to 16 current electrodes and 16 voltage electrodes. The excitation current has a range of about 10 µA to 5 mA, whereas the sinusoidal signal used for excitation can have a frequency of up to 500 kHz. Additionally, the usage of a chirp or rectangular signal excitation is possible. Furthermore, the described system has a sample rate of up to 3480 impedance spectra per second (ISPS). The performance of the EIT system is demonstrated with a resistor-based phantom and tank phantoms. Additionally, first measurements taken from the human thorax during a breathing cycle are presented.

Keywords: bioimpedance measurements; electrical impedance tomography; multi-frequency; chirp signal excitation; broadband impedance measurements

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kusche, R.; Malhotra, A.; Ryschka, M.; Ardelt, G.; Klimach, P.; Kaufmann, S. A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation. Electronics 2015, 4, 507-525. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030507

AMA Style

Kusche R, Malhotra A, Ryschka M, Ardelt G, Klimach P, Kaufmann S. A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation. Electronics. 2015; 4(3):507-525. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030507

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kusche, Roman, Ankit Malhotra, Martin Ryschka, Gunther Ardelt, Paula Klimach, and Steffen Kaufmann. 2015. "A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation" Electronics 4, no. 3: 507-525. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030507

APA Style

Kusche, R., Malhotra, A., Ryschka, M., Ardelt, G., Klimach, P., & Kaufmann, S. (2015). A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation. Electronics, 4(3), 507-525. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics4030507

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A FPGA-Based Broadband EIT System for Complex Bioimpedance Measurements—Design and Performance Estimation

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