Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity

Gao, Shiqi; Huang, Yingxin; Qi, Nan; Mu, Xiaonan; Jia, Luliang; Wu, Daolong

doi:10.3390/electronics14214264

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Open AccessArticle

Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity

by

Shiqi Gao

^1,2

,

Yingxin Huang

¹,

Nan Qi

^1,2,

Xiaonan Mu

¹,

Luliang Jia

³ and

Daolong Wu

^2,*

¹

College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

²

National Key Laboratory of Multi-domain Data Collaborative Processing and Control, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi’an 710068, China

³

School of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Electronics 2025, 14(21), 4264; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214264

Submission received: 19 September 2025 / Revised: 28 October 2025 / Accepted: 29 October 2025 / Published: 30 October 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered 6G Broadband Wireless Communication Technology)

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Abstract

Dynamic spectrum access enables efficient anti-jamming in cognitive radio systems. However, in a multi-user distributed decision scenario, differences in spectrum states make collaboration among users a major challenge, especially when the sensing devices are heterogeneous. In order to solve this issue, we propose a collaborative anti-jamming cognitive radio system architecture based on historical jamming knowledge. Devices exhibiting high sensing performance support those exhibiting low sensing performance. An online reinforcement learning algorithm is used to learn the jamming patterns in real time. Finally, a multi-user collaborative anti-jamming system is developed using a software-defined radio platform. The anti-jamming performance of the system is verified experimentally under both internal communication jamming and external malicious jamming scenarios, achieving a jamming probability below 0.1.

Keywords: collaborative anti-jamming; device heterogeneity; cognitive radio

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gao, S.; Huang, Y.; Qi, N.; Mu, X.; Jia, L.; Wu, D. Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity. Electronics 2025, 14, 4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214264

AMA Style

Gao S, Huang Y, Qi N, Mu X, Jia L, Wu D. Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity. Electronics. 2025; 14(21):4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214264

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gao, Shiqi, Yingxin Huang, Nan Qi, Xiaonan Mu, Luliang Jia, and Daolong Wu. 2025. "Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity" Electronics 14, no. 21: 4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214264

APA Style

Gao, S., Huang, Y., Qi, N., Mu, X., Jia, L., & Wu, D. (2025). Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity. Electronics, 14(21), 4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214264

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Design of Multi-User Collaborative Anti-Jamming System Under Sensing Heterogeneity

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