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Article

Reconstructing Ancient Iron-Smelting Furnaces of Guéra (Chad) Through 3D Modeling and AI-Assisted Video Generation

by
Jean-Baptiste Barreau
1,*,
Djimet Guemona
2,3 and
Caroline Robion-Brunner
3
1
Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 9 Rue Malher, 75004 Paris, France
2
Centre National de Recherche pour le Développement (CNRD), 42CM+VR6, Rue de la Gendarmerie, N’Djamena 31058, Chad
3
Laboratoire TRACES–UMR 5608, Université Toulouse—Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 5 Allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(19), 3923; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193923
Submission received: 28 August 2025 / Revised: 22 September 2025 / Accepted: 29 September 2025 / Published: 1 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and 3D Reconstruction)

Abstract

This article presents an innovative methodological approach for the documentation and enhancement of ancient ironworking heritage in the Guéra region of Chad. By combining ethno-historical and archaeological surveys, 3D modeling with Blender, and the generation of images and video sequences through artificial intelligence (AI), we propose an integrated production pipeline enabling the faithful reconstruction of three types of metallurgical furnaces. Our method relies on rigorously collected field data to generate multiple and plausible representations from fragmentary information. A standardized evaluation grid makes it possible to assess the archaeological fidelity, cultural authenticity, and visual quality of the reconstructions, thereby limiting biases inherent to generative models. The results offer strong potential for integration into immersive environments, opening up perspectives in education, digital museology, and the virtual preservation of traditional ironworking knowledge. This work demonstrates the relevance of multimodal approaches in reconciling scientific rigor with engaging visual storytelling.
Keywords: p aleometallurgy; Guéra; archaeology; iron metallurgy; oral traditions; 3D reconstruction; AI p aleometallurgy; Guéra; archaeology; iron metallurgy; oral traditions; 3D reconstruction; AI

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MDPI and ACS Style

Barreau, J.-B.; Guemona, D.; Robion-Brunner, C. Reconstructing Ancient Iron-Smelting Furnaces of Guéra (Chad) Through 3D Modeling and AI-Assisted Video Generation. Electronics 2025, 14, 3923. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193923

AMA Style

Barreau J-B, Guemona D, Robion-Brunner C. Reconstructing Ancient Iron-Smelting Furnaces of Guéra (Chad) Through 3D Modeling and AI-Assisted Video Generation. Electronics. 2025; 14(19):3923. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193923

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barreau, Jean-Baptiste, Djimet Guemona, and Caroline Robion-Brunner. 2025. "Reconstructing Ancient Iron-Smelting Furnaces of Guéra (Chad) Through 3D Modeling and AI-Assisted Video Generation" Electronics 14, no. 19: 3923. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193923

APA Style

Barreau, J.-B., Guemona, D., & Robion-Brunner, C. (2025). Reconstructing Ancient Iron-Smelting Furnaces of Guéra (Chad) Through 3D Modeling and AI-Assisted Video Generation. Electronics, 14(19), 3923. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193923

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