Electromagnetic Environment Assessment and Safety Research of Electrified High-Speed Railway Carriages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. CR400AF EMU Marshalling Principle and Electrical Principle
3. Simulation Model
3.1. CR400AF EMU Model
3.2. Passenger Model Building
3.3. Simulation Methodology and Model Mesh Segmentation
4. Analysis of Numerical Solution Methods for Induced Electromagnetic Fields in the Human Body
5. Electromagnetic Expansion Criteria
6. Result Analysis
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- Through the comparison results, it is found that the values of the passengers’ brain on the side closer to the window are greater than the values of the passengers’ brain far away from the window, indicating that the shielding effect of the window on the electromagnetic radiation generated by the catenary is not as good as that of the aluminum alloy car body on the catenary.
- (2)
- The maximum and minimum values for magnetic induction intensity, induced electric field intensity, and induced current density in the brain of 20 passengers were extracted. The maximum and minimum values of magnetic induction intensity were 8.41 and 0.01 , respectively. The maximum and minimum values of induced electric field intensity were 1110 and 10 , respectively. The maximum and minimum values of induced current density were 1200 and 10 , respectively. We also found that the values of induced magnetic and induced electric fields in the brains of all passengers were below the ICNIRP safety standard.
- (3)
- The final results show that the power frequency magnetic field generated by the catenary does not pose a threat to the health of passengers when the CR400AF bullet train is running. The internal electromagnetic environment is safe during the normal operation of the train.
8. Discussion and Future Directions
- (1)
- The electromagnetic radiation of high-current and high-voltage traction equipment. Research will focus on the safety of low-frequency electromagnetic exposure caused by high-power electrical equipment such as traction transformers as radiation sources.
- (2)
- Based on the existing simulation research of CR400AF-type EMUs, the focus is on the latest maglev train and safety issues regarding its electromagnetic environment. Based on in-depth research and analysis, the future development direction of China’s high-speed rail shows a trend of ultra-high-speed vacuum pipeline transportation based on magnetic levitation technology. In addition to the problems with electromagnetic radiation caused by various electronic devices, the impact of magnetic force on the surrounding environment caused by the “levitation” state cannot be ignored, and this will become an unavoidable practical problem that will require in-depth research.
- (3)
- For high-speed rail, further research is needed on how increased electromagnetic radiation caused by continuously increasing speed will impact safety standards, and for future maglev trains, a comprehensive electromagnetic impact study is needed on the process of moving from laboratory to practical application to ensure that this type of train becomes a safe and reliable carrier for humans and leads to a better future for mankind. It can be said that this study has significant and far-reaching implications.
- (4)
- At present, there are still controversies and challenges in research on low-frequency electromagnetic exposure. Firstly, there is a need to enhance the consistency of results in epidemiological studies, particularly when there are variations in the methodologies and parameters across studies. Secondly, in-depth studies exploring the mechanisms are necessary to comprehend how electromagnetic fields interact with living organisms, giving rise to potential biological effects. Additionally, establishing standardized assessment criteria and limits for low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure remains an urgent concern.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Head Car | Intermediate Car with Pantograph |
---|---|---|
Length (m) | 27.2 | 25 |
Width (m) | 3.36 | 3.36 |
Height (m) | 4.05 | 4.05 |
Vehicle spacing (m) | 17.8 | 17.8 |
Vehicle weight (t) | 12.0 | 11.7 |
Human Tissue Type | Relative Dielectric Constant | |
---|---|---|
Scalp | 51,274 | 0.427190 |
Skull | 8867.8 | 20.05500 |
Cerebrospinal fluid | 109 | 2000 |
Alba | 5,289,800 | 53.274 |
Ectocinerea | 12,107,000 | 75.258 |
Cerebrum | 5,798,969.67 | 2128.532 |
Muscle | 17,719,000 | 233.29 |
Skeleton | 8867.8 | 200.55 |
Trunk | 6,400,222.6 | 151.131667 |
Frequency Range (f) | Electric Field Strength (kV/m) | Magnetic Field Strength (A/m) | Magnetic Field Density (T) |
---|---|---|---|
1–8 Hz | 5 | 3.2 × 104/f 2 | 4 × 10−2/f 2 |
8–25 Hz | 5 | 4 × 103/f | 5 × 10−3/f |
25–50 Hz | 5 | 1.6 × 102 | 2 × 10−4 |
50–400 Hz | 2.5 × 102/f | 1.6 × 102 | 2 × 10−4 |
400–3 kHz | 2.5 × 102/f | 6.4 × 104/f | 8 × 10−2/f |
Exposed Tissue | F (Hz) | Public | Controlled Environment |
---|---|---|---|
Electric Field Strength (V/m) | Electric Field Strength (V/m) | ||
Head | ≤20 | 5.89 × 10−3 | 1.77 × 10−2 |
Respiratory system | ≤167 | 0.943 | 0.943 |
Hand, wrist, foot, ankle | ≤3350 | 2.10 | 2.10 |
Other | ≤3350 | 0.701 | 2.10 |
Exposed Tissue | Frequency Ranges | Public | Controlled Environment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head | f (Hz) | B (mT) | H (A/m) | B (mT) | H (A/m) |
f ≤ 0.153 | 118 | 9.39 × 104 | 353 | 2.81 × 105 | |
0.153 < f ≤ 20 | 18.2/f | 1.44 × 104/f | 54.3/f | 4.32 × 104/f | |
20 < f ≤ 759 | 0.904 | 719 | 2.71 | 2.16 × 105 | |
759 < f ≤ 3000 | 687/f | 5.47 × 105/f | 2060/f | 1.64 × 106/f | |
Arm, leg | f ≤ 10.7 | 353 | — | 353 | — |
10.7 < f ≤ 3000 | 3790/f | — | 3790/f | — |
Passenger Number | Maximum Value of Magnetic Fields Induced in the Brain (μT) | Minimum Value of Magnetic Field Induced in the Brain (μT) | Maximum Value of Induced Electric Field in the Brain (μV/m) | Minimum Value of Induced Electric Field in the Brain (μV/m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.59 | 0.06 | 1110 | 50 |
2 | 5.27 | 0.06 | 531 | 40 |
3 | 3.45 | 0.04 | 515 | 50 |
4 | 4.5 | 0.04 | 669 | 50 |
5 | 4.56 | 0.06 | 783 | 40 |
6 | 4.73 | 0.005 | 694 | 57 |
7 | 3.71 | 0.06 | 533 | 60 |
8 | 3.59 | 0.07 | 722 | 50 |
9 | 4.94 | 0.07 | 680 | 50 |
10 | 4.88 | 0.01 | 500 | 50 |
11 | 5.59 | 0.02 | 700 | 50 |
12 | 3.27 | 0.03 | 540 | 40 |
13 | 3.68 | 0.01 | 135 | 10 |
14 | 5.02 | 0.02 | 793 | 70 |
15 | 3.97 | 0.037 | 498 | 50 |
16 | 4.33 | 0.02 | 638 | 50 |
17 | 3.31 | 0.02 | 233 | 30 |
18 | 2.57 | 0.02 | 490 | 30 |
19 | 3.96 | 0.03 | 790 | 50 |
20 | 4.16 | 0.02 | 430 | 40 |
Passenger Location Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum value of induced magnetic fields in the brain (μT) | 4.59 | 5.27 | 3.45 | 4.5 | 4.56 | 4.73 | 3.71 | 3.59 | 4.94 | 4.88 |
Minimum value of induced magnetic field in the brain (μT) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.005 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
Maximum value of induced electric field in the brain (μV/m) | 1110 | 531 | 515 | 669 | 783 | 694 | 533 | 722 | 680 | 500 |
Minimum value of induced electric field in the brain (μV/m) | 50 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 40 | 57 | 60 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Passenger Location Number | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum values of magnetic fields induced in the brains of passengers (μT) | 5.59 | 3.27 | 3.68 | 5.02 | 3.97 | 4.33 | 3.31 | 2.57 | 3.96 | 4.16 |
Minimum value of magnetic field induced in the brain of passengers (μT) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.037 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Maximum value of induced electric field in the brains of passengers (μV/m) | 700 | 540 | 135 | 793 | 498 | 638 | 233 | 490 | 790 | 430 |
Minimum value of induced electric field in the brains of passengers (μV/m) | 50 | 40 | 10 | 70 | 50 | 50 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 40 |
Data | Results of This Paper | Results of Previous Studies |
---|---|---|
Maximum value of induced magnetic field in the brains of passengers (μT) | 5.59 | 3.63 |
Minimum value of induced magnetic field in the brains of passengers (μT) | 0.005 | 0.04 |
Maximum value of induced electric field in the brains of passengers (mV/m) | 1.11 | 3.64 |
Minimum value of induced electric field in the brains of passengers (mV/m) | 0.001 | 0.00285 |
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Shi, L.; Liang, J.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Li, X. Electromagnetic Environment Assessment and Safety Research of Electrified High-Speed Railway Carriages. Electronics 2024, 13, 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040740
Shi L, Liang J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li X. Electromagnetic Environment Assessment and Safety Research of Electrified High-Speed Railway Carriages. Electronics. 2024; 13(4):740. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040740
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Lei, Junyi Liang, Yazhi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhao, and Xinran Li. 2024. "Electromagnetic Environment Assessment and Safety Research of Electrified High-Speed Railway Carriages" Electronics 13, no. 4: 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040740
APA StyleShi, L., Liang, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., & Li, X. (2024). Electromagnetic Environment Assessment and Safety Research of Electrified High-Speed Railway Carriages. Electronics, 13(4), 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040740