Usage Patterns and Self-Esteem of Female Consumers of Antiaging Cosmetic Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Usage Patterns of Cosmetic Products
3.3. Usage Patterns of Aesthetic Treatments
3.4. Relationship between Sociodemographic Variables, Psychological Variables, Use of Cosmetic Products, and Self-Esteem
3.5. Variables That Contributed to Self-Esteem
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cosmetic Products | Occasional Use (%) | Frequent Use (%) |
---|---|---|
Face firming | 41.9 | 58.1 |
Body firming | 70.4 | 29.6 |
Hair color | 96.9 | 3.1 |
Sunscreen | 23.5 | 76.5 |
Face anti-wrinkle | 30.0 | 70.0 |
Eye anti-wrinkle | 33.5 | 66.5 |
Depigmenting | 76.2 | 23.8 |
Anti-hair loss | 78.5 | 21.5 |
Exfoliant | 34.6 | 65.4 |
Face moisturizing | 6.2 | 93.8 |
Body moisturizing | 13.1 | 86.9 |
Thermal water | 60.0 | 40.0 |
Lip balm | 9.2 | 90.8 |
Aesthetic Treatments | Occasional Use (%) | Frequent Use (%) |
---|---|---|
Skin cleansing | 72.3 | 27.7 |
Peeling | 87.7 | 12.3 |
Hair strengthening | 84.6 | 15.4 |
Hyaluronic acid filler | 98.8 | 1.2 |
Botox | 97.7 | 2.3 |
Treatment for localized fat | 91.2 | 8.8 |
Anti-cellulite treatment | 87.3 | 12.7 |
Treatment for facial sagging | 90.0 | 10.0 |
Breast toning | 98.1 | 1.9 |
Slimming treatment | 93.5 | 6.5 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Self-esteem (RSES) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
2. Age | 0.141 ** | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
3. Household income | 0.288 ** | 0.253 ** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
4. Professional status | 0.322 ** | 0.111 | 7.23 * | 1 | ||||||||||||||
5. Marital status | 0.248 ** | 0.328 ** | 0.364 ** | 4.06 | 1 | |||||||||||||
6. Face firming | 0.196 ** | 0.304 ** | 1.61 | 5.48 * | 15.42 ** | 1 | ||||||||||||
7. Body firming | 0.021 | 0.296 ** | 0.677 | 0.044 | 7.19 | 41.07 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
8. Hair color | −0.139 * | 0.106 | 0.960 | 1.46 | 3.59 | 0.971 | 0.246 | 1 | ||||||||||
9. Sunscreen | 0.047 | 0.019 | 1.50 | 0.121 | 1.27 | 1.84 | 0.966 | 0.011 | 1 | |||||||||
10. Eye anti-wrinkle | 0.081 | 0.206 ** | 2.53 | 1.18 | 4.44 | 32.9 ** | 7.90 ** | 1.63 | 10.8 ** | 1 | ||||||||
11. Face anti-wrinkle | 0.038 | 0.354 ** | 2.51 | 2.66 | 6.77 | 28.0 ** | 7.28 ** | 0.098 | 3.31 | 59.5 ** | 1 | |||||||
12. Depigmenting | −0.081 | 0.091 | 2.50 | 0.015 | 2.88 | 0.779 | 1.35 | 0.006 | 5.05 * | 7.28 ** | 7.46 ** | 1 | ||||||
13. Anti-hair loss | −0.030 | −0.011 | 8.08 * | 1.21 | 4.72 | 0.573 | 0.637 | 1.24 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 2.93 | 0.230 | 1 | |||||
14. Scrub | −0.004 | −0.057 | 1.28 | 2.70 | 2.03 | 0.746 | 4.78 * | 0.030 | 4.49 | 2.64 | 2.91 | 8.38 ** | 0.038 | 1 | ||||
15. Body moisturizing | 0.059 | −0.089 | 1.46 | 0.089 | 0.695 | 0.457 | 0.508 | 0.541 | 0.211 | 0.811 | 0.013 | 1.21 | 0.824 | 12.3 ** | 1 | |||
16. Body moisturizing | 0.075 | 0.006 | 2.94 | 0.958 | 0.848 | 0.424 | 5.98 * | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.288 | 0.232 | 0.828 | 0.350 | 10.1 ** | 36.6 ** | 1 | ||
17. Thermal water | 0.071 | 0.016 | 0.013 | 3.94 | 5.43 | 2.06 | 3.99 * | 0.774 | 1.73 | 3.33 | 0.781 | 0.904 | 0.034 | 7.08 ** | 3.21 | 8.14 ** | 1 | |
18. Lip balm | 0.045 | 0.017 | 0.141 | 0.922 | 1.60 | 0.166 | 0.978 | 0.105 | 7.37 * | 3.25 | 0.708 | 3.50 | 0.008 | 2.77 | 16.3 ** | 13.9 ** | 8.33 ** | 1 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Self-esteem (RSES) | 1 | ||||||||
2. Appearance schemas (ASI-R) | −0.146 * | 1 | |||||||
3. Psychological morbidity (HADS) | −0.595 ** | 0.169 ** | 1 | ||||||
4. Perfectionism (FMPS) | −0.495 ** | 0.272 ** | 0.456 ** | 1 | |||||
5. BAPQ–TLC a | −0.370 ** | 0.218 ** | 0.390 ** | 0.322 ** | 1 | ||||
6. BAPQ–PCONS a | 0.243 ** | 0.012 | −0.180 ** | 0.046 | −0.142 * | 1 | |||
7. BAPQ–PCONTR a | 0.026 | 0.222 ** | 0.068 | 0.174 ** | 0.024 | 0.349 ** | 1 | ||
8. BAPQ–NCC a | 0.312 ** | −0.015 | −0.336 ** | −0.316 ** | −0.316 ** | 0.097 | 0.069 | 1 | |
9. BAPQ–ER a | −0.325 ** | 0.331 ** | 0.389 ** | 0.339 ** | 0.450 ** | −0.152 * | −0.009 | −0.522 ** | 1 |
Mean | 21.67 | 3.25 | 12.26 | 98.23 | 6.92 | 12.23 | 12.03 | 17.21 | 7.77 |
Standard deviation (SD) | 5.50 | 0.56 | 7.00 | 18.69 | 2.48 | 2.25 | 2.42 | 3.66 | 2.83 |
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | t | B | t | B | t | |
Age | 0.036 | 0.924 | 0.030 | 0.740 | 0.013 | 0.378 |
Household income | 1.824 | 1.049 | 1.777 | 1.727 ** | −0.015 | −0.018 |
Professional status | 4.521 | 5.086 ** | 4.513 | 5.133 ** | 3.055 | 4.287 ** |
Marital status | 2.188 | 3.265 * | 1.915 | 2.949 * | 0.223 | 2.383 |
Face firming | 1.218 | 1.826 | 0.350 | 0.652 | ||
Hair color | −5.419 | −3.013 ** | −2.753 | −1.911 | ||
Appearance schemes | 0.005 | −0.218 | ||||
Psychological morbidity | −0.273 | −6.300 ** | ||||
Perfectionism | −0.077 | −4.823 ** | ||||
Aging perceptions-TLC a | −0.170 | −1.454 | ||||
Aging perceptions-PCONS b | 0.382 | 3.372 ** | ||||
Aging perceptions-NCC c | 0.045 | 0.527 | ||||
Aging perceptions-ER d | 0.029 | 0.245 | ||||
R2 (∆R2) | 0.167 (0.154) | 0.205 (0.186) | 0.518 (0.493) | |||
F | 12.766 ** | 10.868 ** | 20.338 ** |
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Evangelista, M.; Mota, S.; Almeida, I.F.; Pereira, M.G. Usage Patterns and Self-Esteem of Female Consumers of Antiaging Cosmetic Products. Cosmetics 2022, 9, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030049
Evangelista M, Mota S, Almeida IF, Pereira MG. Usage Patterns and Self-Esteem of Female Consumers of Antiaging Cosmetic Products. Cosmetics. 2022; 9(3):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030049
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvangelista, Marta, Sandra Mota, Isabel Filipa Almeida, and M. Graça Pereira. 2022. "Usage Patterns and Self-Esteem of Female Consumers of Antiaging Cosmetic Products" Cosmetics 9, no. 3: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030049