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10.3390/resources14040065
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Article

By-Products from Five Grape Varieties Grown in Northwest Mexico Are Sources of Bioaccessible and Bioavailable Phenolic Compounds in a Simulated Digestion

by
Norma Julieta Salazar-López
1,*,
Rosario Maribel Robles-Sánchez
2,
Julio Cesar Armenta-Gorosave
1,
J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila
3,
Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
4 and
Elisa Magaña-Barajas
5
1
Facultad de Medicina de Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés, Centro Cívico, Mexicali 21000, BN, Mexico
2
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, SO, Mexico
3
SECIHTI—Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
4
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
5
Programa de Ingeniería en Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Av. Ley Federal del Trabajo, Hermosillo 83100, SO, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Resources 2025, 14(4), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14040065
Submission received: 3 March 2025 / Revised: 4 April 2025 / Accepted: 9 April 2025 / Published: 14 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Extraction from Agricultural Products/Waste: 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The inclusion of by-products or discarded fruit in a second value chain can be a strategy to contribute to sustainable food production and consumption, with a focus on following a circular economy model, since certain by-products may be a source of nutrients and compounds with biological potential. The objective of this research was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of by-products from five non-marketable grape varieties, as well as the bioaccessibility and absorption of their phenolic compounds during a simulated digestion, in order to support their potential use as sources of health-promoting compounds of interest. By-products of five grape varieties grown in northwest Mexico were evaluated. They were manually divided into two fractions, skin and pulp + seed, and subjected to a simulated digestion. Grape skin had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Catechin exhibited the highest bioaccessibility and absorption, although 40% of this compound was compromised during simulated digestion. Catechin, quercetin, and protocatechuic acid contained in grape by-products make them attractive for insertion into a second value chain with potential uses, such as applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Additional research is required to evaluate potential applications, ensuring that these alternative uses are profitable and sustainable.
Keywords: food waste; bioactive compounds; antioxidants; in vitro digestion; circular economy food waste; bioactive compounds; antioxidants; in vitro digestion; circular economy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salazar-López, N.J.; Robles-Sánchez, R.M.; Armenta-Gorosave, J.C.; Domínguez-Avila, J.A.; González-Aguilar, G.A.; Magaña-Barajas, E. By-Products from Five Grape Varieties Grown in Northwest Mexico Are Sources of Bioaccessible and Bioavailable Phenolic Compounds in a Simulated Digestion. Resources 2025, 14, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14040065

AMA Style

Salazar-López NJ, Robles-Sánchez RM, Armenta-Gorosave JC, Domínguez-Avila JA, González-Aguilar GA, Magaña-Barajas E. By-Products from Five Grape Varieties Grown in Northwest Mexico Are Sources of Bioaccessible and Bioavailable Phenolic Compounds in a Simulated Digestion. Resources. 2025; 14(4):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14040065

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salazar-López, Norma Julieta, Rosario Maribel Robles-Sánchez, Julio Cesar Armenta-Gorosave, J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, and Elisa Magaña-Barajas. 2025. "By-Products from Five Grape Varieties Grown in Northwest Mexico Are Sources of Bioaccessible and Bioavailable Phenolic Compounds in a Simulated Digestion" Resources 14, no. 4: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14040065

APA Style

Salazar-López, N. J., Robles-Sánchez, R. M., Armenta-Gorosave, J. C., Domínguez-Avila, J. A., González-Aguilar, G. A., & Magaña-Barajas, E. (2025). By-Products from Five Grape Varieties Grown in Northwest Mexico Are Sources of Bioaccessible and Bioavailable Phenolic Compounds in a Simulated Digestion. Resources, 14(4), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14040065

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