Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Production of Fibres as Raw Material for Briquettes
2.2. Operation of the Hydraulic Briquetting Press
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Determination of Density of Briquettes
2.5. Determination of Durability of Briquettes
2.6. Determination of Water Resistance of Briquettes
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Properties of Poplar Fibre
3.2. Effect of Temperature and Feeding Speed on Briquette Density
3.3. Effect of Temperature and Feeding Speed on Mechanical Durability
3.4. Effect of Temperature and Feeding Speed on Water Resistance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | Low Level | Medium Level | High Level |
---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | 100 | 120 | 140 |
Feeding speed (mm s−1) | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
Experiment Number | Temperature (°C) | Feeding Speed (mm s−1) |
---|---|---|
1 | 100 | 2.4 |
2 | 100 | 2.9 |
3 | 100 | 3.3 |
4 | 120 | 2.4 |
5 | 120 | 2.9 |
6 | 120 | 3.3 |
7 | 140 | 2.4 |
8 | 140 | 2.9 |
9 | 140 | 3.3 |
Temperature | Feeding Speed (mm s−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
2.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | |
°C | kg m−³ | kg m−³ | kg m−³ |
100 | 746.74 (10.88) | 822.72 (49.66) | 837.03 (29.40) |
120 | 897.81 (55.40) | 848.81 (51.98) | 847.48 (12.40) |
140 | 838.41 (25.26) | 838.19 (13.10) | 916.82 (28.58) |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 8 | 91,297 | 11,412 | 7.47 | 0.000 |
Linear | 4 | 51,815 | 12,954 | 8.48 | 0.000 |
Temperature | 2 | 38,970 | 19,485 | 12.75 | 0.000 |
Feeding Speed | 2 | 12,845 | 6423 | 4.20 | 0.023 |
2-Way Interactions | 4 | 39,482 | 9870 | 6.46 | 0.001 |
Temperature × Feeding Speed | 4 | 39,482 | 9870 | 6.46 | 0.001 |
Error | 36 | 55,004 | 1528 | ||
Total | 44 | 146,301 |
Temperature | Feeding Speed (mm s−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
2.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | |
°C | % | % | % |
100 | 97.40 (0.07) | 97.88 (0.04) | 97.86 (0.11) |
120 | 98.14 (0.26) | 98.10 (0.20) | 97.99 (0.13) |
140 | 98.36 (0.09) | 98.38 (0.17) | 98.43 (0.48) |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 8 | 4.2609 | 0.53261 | 9.41 | 0.000 |
Linear | 4 | 3.6532 | 0.91331 | 16.13 | 0.000 |
Temperature | 2 | 3.4576 | 1.72882 | 30.54 | 0.000 |
Feeding Speed | 2 | 0.1956 | 0.09780 | 1.73 | 0.192 |
2-Way Interactions | 4 | 0.6076 | 0.15191 | 2.68 | 0.047 |
Temperature × Feeding Speed | 4 | 0.6076 | 0.15191 | 2.68 | 0.047 |
Error | 36 | 2.0382 | 0.05662 | ||
Total | 44 | 6.2990 |
Temperature | Feeding Speed (mm s−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
2.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | |
°C | % | % | % |
100 | 91.60 (1.50) | 93.08 (0.69) | 94.86 (0.40) |
120 | 96.12 (0.08) | 94.97 (0.63) | 95.13 (0.58) |
140 | 94.92 (0.31) | 93.51 (0.50) | 95.94 (0.30) |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 8 | 51.09 | 6.3864 | 9.42 | 0.000 |
Linear | 4 | 34.20 | 8.5488 | 12.61 | 0.000 |
Temperature | 2 | 23.84 | 11.9207 | 17.59 | 0.000 |
Feeding Speed | 2 | 10.35 | 5.1769 | 7.64 | 0.004 |
2-Way Interactions | 4 | 16.90 | 4.2239 | 6.23 | 0.002 |
Temperature × Feeding Speed | 4 | 16.90 | 4.2239 | 6.23 | 0.002 |
Error | 18 | 12.20 | 0.6777 | ||
Total | 26 | 63.29 |
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Orisaleye, J.I.; Jekayinfa, S.O.; Dittrich, C.; Obi, O.F.; Pecenka, R. Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press. Resources 2023, 12, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12010012
Orisaleye JI, Jekayinfa SO, Dittrich C, Obi OF, Pecenka R. Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press. Resources. 2023; 12(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrisaleye, Joseph I., Simeon O. Jekayinfa, Christian Dittrich, Okey F. Obi, and Ralf Pecenka. 2023. "Effects of Feeding Speed and Temperature on Properties of Briquettes from Poplar Wood Using a Hydraulic Briquetting Press" Resources 12, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12010012