Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple (Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Isolation of AGPs from Fruit
2.3. Morphology Imaging of AGPs
2.4. Quantification of Monosaccharide Compositions of AGPs
2.5. Quantification of Uronic Acids in AGPs
2.6. Quantification of Protein Components in AGPs
2.7. Quantification of Calcium Content in AGPs
2.8. X-ray Elemental Analysis of Calcium Ions in Apple Fruit at Tissue Level—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)-SEM
2.9. Analysis of Results
3. Results
3.1. Structure of AGPs
3.2. Calcium Content in AGPs and Calcium Distribution in Fruit during the Ripening Process
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Monosaccharide Composition (mol%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Man | Rha | GlcA | GalA | Glc | Gal | Xyl | Ara | Fuc | |
AGPs from green fruit | 2.9 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 22.3 | 30.5 | 12.8 | 14.6 | 3.8 |
AGPs from red fruit | 2.7 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 19.4 | 21.6 | 15.2 | 9.8 | 24.4 | 1.5 |
AGPs from stored fruit | 3.7 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 20.2 | 6.3 | 16.5 | 8.6 | 34.9 | 2.1 |
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Leszczuk, A.; Cybulska, J.; Skrzypek, T.; Zdunek, A. Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple (Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening. Biology 2020, 9, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080225
Leszczuk A, Cybulska J, Skrzypek T, Zdunek A. Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple (Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening. Biology. 2020; 9(8):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080225
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszczuk, Agata, Justyna Cybulska, Tomasz Skrzypek, and Artur Zdunek. 2020. "Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple (Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening" Biology 9, no. 8: 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080225