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Article

Peptide Profiling and Biological Activities of 12-Month Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese

1
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
2
Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano, via J.F. Kennedy 1 8, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biology 2020, 9(7), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070170
Received: 8 June 2020 / Revised: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 / Published: 16 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Proteomics)
Proteolysis degree, biological activities, and water-soluble peptide patterns were evaluated in 12 month-ripened Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) cheeses collected in different dairy farms and showing different salt and fat content. Samples classified in high-salt and high-fat group (HH) generally showed lower proteolysis degree than samples having low-salt and low-fat content (LL). This positive correlation between salt/fat reduction and proteolysis was also confirmed by the analysis of biological activities, as the LL group showed higher average values of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. UHPLC/HR-MS allowed the identification of 805 unique peptides: LL and HH groups shared 59.3% of these peptides, while 20.9% and 19.9% were LL and HH specific, respectively. Frequency analysis of peptides identified a core of 183 peptides typical of 12-month ripened PR cheeses (corresponding to the 22.7% of total peptides), but no significant differences were detected in peptide patterns between LL and HH groups. Forty bioactive peptides, including 18 ACE-inhibitors and 12 anti-microbial peptides, were identified, of which 25 firstly found in PR cheese. Globally, this work contributed to unraveling the potentially healthy benefits of peptides fraction in PR cheese and provided prior evidence that PR with reduced fat/salt content showed the highest antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. View Full-Text
Keywords: proteomic; peptidomic; bioactive peptides; fermented food; lactobacilli proteomic; peptidomic; bioactive peptides; fermented food; lactobacilli
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MDPI and ACS Style

Solieri, L.; Baldaccini, A.; Martini, S.; Bianchi, A.; Pizzamiglio, V.; Tagliazucchi, D. Peptide Profiling and Biological Activities of 12-Month Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese. Biology 2020, 9, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070170

AMA Style

Solieri L, Baldaccini A, Martini S, Bianchi A, Pizzamiglio V, Tagliazucchi D. Peptide Profiling and Biological Activities of 12-Month Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese. Biology. 2020; 9(7):170. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070170

Chicago/Turabian Style

Solieri, Lisa, Andrea Baldaccini, Serena Martini, Aldo Bianchi, Valentina Pizzamiglio, and Davide Tagliazucchi. 2020. "Peptide Profiling and Biological Activities of 12-Month Ripened Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese" Biology 9, no. 7: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9070170

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