Comparison of Antibody Responses against Two Molecules from Ascaris lumbricoides: The Allergen Asc l 5 and the Immunomodulatory Protein Al-CPI
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Production of Recombinant Proteins
2.2. Peptide Analysis by Nano-Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
2.3. Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy
2.4. Serum Samples and Stool Examination by Kato-Katz
2.5. Evaluation of Antibody Responses (Specific IgE, IgG4 and IgG) by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.6. Evaluation of Allergenicity
2.7. Production of Antibodies to Recombinant Asc l 5 or Al-CPI, Immunization Schedule and Determination of Titers by ELISA
2.8. Western Blot
2.9. Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Circular Dichroism Reveals Recombinant Asc l 5 and Al-CPI Are Well-Folded Products That Differ in Their Thermostability
3.2. Lower IgE Levels but Higher IgG/IgG4 Response Was Found for Al-CPI Than for Asc l 5
3.3. The IgE Antibodies to Al-CPI Do Not Elicit an IgE-Mediated Reaction
3.4. The Antibody Responses to Al-CPI and Asc l 5 Are Not Associated with Asthma
3.5. Humoral Responses to Asc l 5 and Al-CPI Are Associated with A. lumbricoides Egg Burden
3.6. rAl-CPI Induces Lower IgE Response and Higher IgG2a Than rAsc l 5 in BALB/c Immunized Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample Size [N = 293] | Non-Asthmatics [n = 246] | Asthmatics [n = 47] | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years [mean ± SD] * | 30.9 ± 21.5 | 31.8 ±21.2 | 26.4 ± 22.3 | 0.13 |
Sex, female n (%) ** | 208 (71) | 171 (69.5) | 37 (78.7) | 0.2 |
Asc l 5 [n (%)] ** | ||||
IgE+ | 153 (52.2%) | 125 (50.8%) | 28 (59.6%) | 0.27 |
IgG4+ | 201 (68.6%) | 165 (67.1%) | 36 (76.6%) | 0.18 |
IgG+ | 206 (70.3%) | 173 (70.3%) | 33 (70.2%) | 0.99 |
Al-CPI [n (%)] ** | ||||
IgE+ | 120 (41.0%) | 97 (39.4%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.23 |
IgG4+ | 237 (80.9%) | 200 (81.3%) | 37 (78.7%) | 0.68 |
IgG+ | 222 (75.8%) | 184 (74.8%) | 38 (80.9%) | 0.38 |
Variable | β | S.E. | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Al-CPI | |||
IgE/IgG4_ratio | −0.24 | 0.12 | 0.046 * |
Gender | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
Age (years) | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.48 |
Asc l 5 | |||
IgE/IgG4_ratio | −0.08 | 0.07 | 0.28 |
Gender | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Age (years) | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.54 |
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Ahumada, V.; Zakzuk, J.; Aglas, L.; Coronado, S.; Briza, P.; Regino, R.; Ferreira, F.; Caraballo, L. Comparison of Antibody Responses against Two Molecules from Ascaris lumbricoides: The Allergen Asc l 5 and the Immunomodulatory Protein Al-CPI. Biology 2023, 12, 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12101340
Ahumada V, Zakzuk J, Aglas L, Coronado S, Briza P, Regino R, Ferreira F, Caraballo L. Comparison of Antibody Responses against Two Molecules from Ascaris lumbricoides: The Allergen Asc l 5 and the Immunomodulatory Protein Al-CPI. Biology. 2023; 12(10):1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12101340
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhumada, Velky, Josefina Zakzuk, Lorenz Aglas, Sandra Coronado, Peter Briza, Ronald Regino, Fátima Ferreira, and Luis Caraballo. 2023. "Comparison of Antibody Responses against Two Molecules from Ascaris lumbricoides: The Allergen Asc l 5 and the Immunomodulatory Protein Al-CPI" Biology 12, no. 10: 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12101340