Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials

Kong, Xianghui; Wang, Gaoqiang; Rong, Shu; Liang, Yunpeng; Liu, Mengmeng; Zhang, Yanhao

doi:10.3390/coatings13050893

Open AccessArticle

Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials

by

Xianghui Kong

^1,*

,

Gaoqiang Wang

¹

,

Shu Rong

²,

Yunpeng Liang

¹,

Mengmeng Liu

¹ and

Yanhao Zhang

^3,*

¹

School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

²

Jinan Kingyue Highway Engineering Company Limited, Jinan 250014, China

³

School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Coatings 2023, 13(5), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050893

Submission received: 19 April 2023 / Revised: 6 May 2023 / Accepted: 8 May 2023 / Published: 9 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering and Mechanical Properties of Building Materials)

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Abstract

To reduce the harm caused by industrial solid waste to the environment, and solve the problem of excavated soil disposal in buried pipeline management projects, this study proposes a method to produce soil-based controlled low strength materials (CLSM) by using industrial solid wastes (including fly ash and red mud) as partial replacements for cement. The properties of CLSM were characterized in terms of flowability, unconfined compressive strength, phase composition and microstructure. The test results showed that fly ash could significantly improve the flowability of CLSM, while red mud had more advantages for the strength development. When 20% fly ash and 30% red mud were combined to replace cement, the fluidity of CLSM was 248 mm, and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at 3, 7 and 28 days was 1.08, 1.49 and 3.77 MPa, respectively. The hydration products of CLSM were mainly calcium silicate hydrate gels, ettringite and calcite. Fly ash provided nucleation sites for cement hydration, while the alkali excitation of red mud promoted the dissolution of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ in fly ash. The filling and gelation of hydration products make the microstructure dense, which improves the mechanical properties of the mixture.

Keywords: controlled low strength materials; fly ash; red mud; excavated soil; mix design; microscopic properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kong, X.; Wang, G.; Rong, S.; Liang, Y.; Liu, M.; Zhang, Y. Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials. Coatings 2023, 13, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050893

AMA Style

Kong X, Wang G, Rong S, Liang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y. Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials. Coatings. 2023; 13(5):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050893

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kong, Xianghui, Gaoqiang Wang, Shu Rong, Yunpeng Liang, Mengmeng Liu, and Yanhao Zhang. 2023. "Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials" Coatings 13, no. 5: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050893

APA Style

Kong, X., Wang, G., Rong, S., Liang, Y., Liu, M., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials. Coatings, 13(5), 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050893

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Utilization of Fly Ash and Red Mud in Soil-Based Controlled Low Strength Materials

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