Next Article in Journal
Application of Chitosan-Lignosulfonate Composite Coating Film in Grape Preservation and Study on the Difference in Metabolites in Fruit Wine
Next Article in Special Issue
High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Tribological Properties of Al2O3/ta-C Coating
Previous Article in Journal
A Study on Improving the Sensitivity of Indirect X-ray Detectors by Adding Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dots
Previous Article in Special Issue
The Effectiveness of Diamond-like Carbon a-C:H:Si Coatings in Increasing the Cutting Capability of Radius End Mills When Machining Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloys
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Coatings
Volume 12
Issue 4
10.3390/coatings12040493
coatings-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Tribochemistry of Transfer Layer Evolution during Friction in HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H Coatings in Humid Oxidizing and Dry Inert Atmospheres

by
František Lofaj
1,*,
Hiroyoshi Tanaka
2,
Radovan Bureš
1,
Margita Kabátová
1 and
Yoshinori Sawae
2
1
Institute of Materials Research of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Center for Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storage, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 818-0395, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2022, 12(4), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040493
Submission received: 24 February 2022 / Revised: 21 March 2022 / Accepted: 31 March 2022 / Published: 6 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Studies on Diamond, DLC and Ta-C Coatings)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The experimental and theoretical investigations of transfer layers in the dry sliding contacts between steel ball and HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H coatings were performed in humid air, dry nitrogen, hydrogen and vacuum on a series of coatings with different contents of carbon and hydrogen in the matrix. Transfer layers formed on the ball in all friction tests, but their composition varied depending on the environment. In humid air, the mechano(tribo)chemical reactions necessary for the obtained phases involved oxidation of WC and Fe, water vapor decomposition and hydrogenation of carbon. Modeling indicated that humidity enhanced oxidation and carbon hydrogenation. In nitrogen, WC decomposition generating carbon was dominant, whereas, in hydrogen, it was carbon hydrogenation. In vacuum, WC decomposition producing W was found to be responsible for high coefficients of friction (COFs). COFs approaching superlubricity were obtained in the H2 atmosphere in the coatings with sufficiently high matrix C:H content. COFs seem to be controlled by the ratio of hydrogenated carbon and oxide phases in transfer layer, which depends on the reactions possible in the surrounding atmosphere.
Keywords: W-C:H coatings; dry friction; transfer layer; humid air; nitrogen atmosphere; hydrogen atmosphere; vacuum; mechano(tribo)chemical reactions; modeling W-C:H coatings; dry friction; transfer layer; humid air; nitrogen atmosphere; hydrogen atmosphere; vacuum; mechano(tribo)chemical reactions; modeling
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lofaj, F.; Tanaka, H.; Bureš, R.; Kabátová, M.; Sawae, Y. Tribochemistry of Transfer Layer Evolution during Friction in HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H Coatings in Humid Oxidizing and Dry Inert Atmospheres. Coatings 2022, 12, 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040493

AMA Style

Lofaj F, Tanaka H, Bureš R, Kabátová M, Sawae Y. Tribochemistry of Transfer Layer Evolution during Friction in HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H Coatings in Humid Oxidizing and Dry Inert Atmospheres. Coatings. 2022; 12(4):493. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040493

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lofaj, František, Hiroyoshi Tanaka, Radovan Bureš, Margita Kabátová, and Yoshinori Sawae. 2022. "Tribochemistry of Transfer Layer Evolution during Friction in HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H Coatings in Humid Oxidizing and Dry Inert Atmospheres" Coatings 12, no. 4: 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040493

APA Style

Lofaj, F., Tanaka, H., Bureš, R., Kabátová, M., & Sawae, Y. (2022). Tribochemistry of Transfer Layer Evolution during Friction in HiPIMS W-C and W-C:H Coatings in Humid Oxidizing and Dry Inert Atmospheres. Coatings, 12(4), 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040493

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop