Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Operating Conditions
3. Numerical Model
3.1. Plasma Jet Modeling
3.2. Particle Dynamics and Heating
- (1)
- The powder particles are spherical; their size is much larger than the mean free path length of the plasma particles; the thickness of the plasma sheath around the particles is much less than their diameter;
- (2)
- The plasma consists of atoms, singly ionized ions, and electrons that follow a Maxwell velocity distribution function;
- (3)
- Electron emission and radiation from the powder particle surface are neglected;
- (4)
- Ions colliding with the particle surface recombine with electrons emitted by the surface and electrons colliding with the particle surface are absorbed by the surface;
- (5)
- Complete diffuse reflection is assumed for all atoms leaving the particle surface;
- (6)
- The effect of powder particle evaporation on the drag force exerted by the gas flow and plasma heat transfer is not taken into account;
- (7)
- The powder particle surface has a steady floating potential.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Temperature and Velocity Fields of the Ar–H2 Plasma Jet
4.2. The Temperature and Velocity Distribution of Ar–He Plasma Jet
4.3. Evaporation Capacity of YSZ Particle Processed in an Ar–H2 Plasma Jet
4.4. Evaporation Capacity of YSZ Particles Processed in an Ar–He Plasma Jet
5. Conclusions
- The size of the particles fully evaporated inside the torch and chamber deposition was comparable under the Ar–H2 and Ar–He plasma conditions of this study. The particle residence time in the deposition chamber was much longer than that inside the torch nozzle due to a longer flying distance. The longer dwelling time in the chamber was favorable to the heat transfer from plasma to particles in spite of the Knudsen effect at the pressure of 100 Pa that prevailed in the deposition chamber.
- For a torch net power of 60 kW, the fully vaporized particles were significantly larger in the Ar–He plasma than that in the Ar–H2 plasma under the operating conditions of this study. This was explained by a twice-longer residence time of the particles in the deposition chamber and different characteristics of the plasma jets.
- An increase in the torch net power brought about an increase in the size of the particles fully vaporized in the Ar–H2 plasma jet. The maximum size was, however, less than 1 µm when the torch power was less than 60 kW.
- With Ar–He plasma jet, the size of the completely vaporized particles increased significantly when the torch power was increased from 50 to 60 kW, but only slightly when the torch power was increased up to 70 kW. The maximum evaporable was less than 2 µm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | F4 | O3CP |
---|---|---|
Net power, kW | 40–50–60 | 50–60–70 |
Plasma gas, SLPM | 40 Ar/8 H2 | 60 Ar/30 He |
Nozzle diameter, mm | 6 | 12.5 |
Chamber pressure, Pa | 100 | 100 |
Spray distance, m | ~0.45 | ~1 |
Mass flow rate, kg/s | 0.0012 | 0.00187 |
Specific enthalpy, MJ/kg | 33.3–41.7–50 | 26.8–32.1–37.4 |
Plasma Torch Type | Net Power (kW) | Residence Time of Particles (µs) | |
---|---|---|---|
In Torch | In Chamber | ||
F4 | 40 | 40 | 160 |
50 | 37 | 155 | |
60 | 33 | 149 | |
O3CP | 50 | 38 | 256 |
60 | 35 | 232 | |
70 | 30 | 214 |
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Zhang, T.; Mariaux, G.; Vardelle, A.; Li, C.-J. Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions. Coatings 2021, 11, 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101154
Zhang T, Mariaux G, Vardelle A, Li C-J. Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions. Coatings. 2021; 11(10):1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101154
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Tao, Gilles Mariaux, Armelle Vardelle, and Chang-Jiu Li. 2021. "Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions" Coatings 11, no. 10: 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101154
APA StyleZhang, T., Mariaux, G., Vardelle, A., & Li, C.-J. (2021). Numerical Analysis of the Interactions between Plasma Jet and Powder Particles in PS-PVD Conditions. Coatings, 11(10), 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101154