Resistance of PVD Coatings to Erosive and Wear Processes: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Resistance of PVD Coatings to Cavitation Erosion
3. Resistance of PVD Coatings to Solid Particle Erosion
4. Resistance of PVD Coatings to Wear
5. Summary
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coating | Substrate | Technique of Deposition | Coating Roughness (Ra [μm]) | Substrate Roughness (Ra [μm]) | CoF | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr-N | high speed steel | Arc evaporation | 0.1 ÷ 1.06 | 0.05 | - | [8] |
CrN | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.81 | [18] |
CrN | cemented carbide (10 wt.% Co, 90 wt.% WC) | multi-arc ion plating technique | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.8 | [133] |
Cr55Si1.3CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.71 | [18] |
Cr46Si2.6CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. | 0.017 | 0.004 | 0.91 | [18] |
Cr43Si3.4CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. | 0.013 | 0.004 | 0.67 | [18] |
CrN/CrCN | X6CrNiTi 18-10 stainless steel | Cathodic arc evaporation | 0.255 ± 0.05 | 0.02 | - | [46] |
CrCN/CrN | HS6-5-2 steel | Cathodic arc evaporation | 0.1 ÷ 1.06 | 0.02 | - | [13] |
AlCrN | cemented carbide (10 wt.% Co, 90 wt.% WC) | Multi-arc ion plating technique | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.75 | [133] |
AlTiN | cemented carbide (10 wt.% Co, 90 wt.% WC) | Multi-arc ion plating technique | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.82 | [133] |
TiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | 0.64 ± 0.22 | 1.133 ± 0.35 | - | [136] |
TiAlN | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | 0.1135 | 0.050 | 0.8 | [135] |
TiAlSiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | 0.61 ± 0.08 | 1.133 ± 0.35 | - | [136] |
TiCrAlSiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | 0.622 ± 0.33 | 1.133 ± 0.35 | - | [136] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 11 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | 0.176 | 0.050 | 0.31 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 16 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | 0.228 | 0.050 | 0.28 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 17 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | 0.425 | 0.050 | 0.25 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 20 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | 0.538 | 0.050 | 0.1 | [135] |
TiAlN/W2N modulation period 680 nm | AISI 304l | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | 0.436 | mirror polished | 0.78 | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modulation period 373 nm | AISI 304l | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | 0.349 | mirror polished | 0.73 | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modulation period 256 nm | AISI 304l | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | 0.327 | mirror polished | 0.80 | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modulation period 197 nm | AISI 304l | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | 0.319 | mirror polished | 0.81 | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modulation period 140 nm | AISI 304l | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | 0.295 | mirror polished | 0.81 | [19] |
Coating | Substrate | Deposition | Test Condition | Coating Hardness/Substrate Hardness | CoF | Adhesion (Critical Load, LC2) | Degra-Dation Rate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr-N V = −20 V | high speed steel | Arc evaporation | 1 μm diamond slurry load of 20 g | 2101 HV0.1 | - | 129 N | 24.5 μm3/mmN | [8] |
Cr-N V = −50 V | high speed steel | Arc evaporation | 1 μm diamond slurry, load of 20 g | 2213 HV0.11 | - | 127 N | 21.6 μm3/mmN | [8] |
Cr-N V = −100 V | high speed steel | Arc evaporation | 1 μm diamond slurry load of 20 g | 2474 HV0.1 1 | - | 120 N | 21.8 μm3/mmN | [8] |
Cr-N V = −200 V | high speed steel | Arc evaporation | 1 μm diamond slurry load of 20 g | 2027 HV0.1 1 | - | 110 N | 31.1 μm3/mmN | [8] |
CrN | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering. | Sharp alumina φ 50 μm, velocity: 60 m/s, | 19.97 GPa | 0.81 | - | 1.29 μm3/mmN | [18] |
CrN | TC11 titanium alloy | Arc ion plating | alumina φ 80 μm; velocity: 30 m/s impact angle 30 and 90° | 21.4 ± 0.5 GPa | - | 42 N | 0.672 μm/g at 30° 1.532 μm/g at 90° | [9] |
CrAlN | TC11 titanium alloy | Arc ion plating | alumina φ 80 μm; velocity: 30 m/s impact angle 30 and 90° | 24.9 ± 0.3 GPa | - | 37.4 N | 0.474 μm/g at 30° 1.643 μm/g at 90° | [9] |
CrAlN Al/Cr atomic ratio = 0.13 | HSS | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | alumina φ 9.5 mm, load: 10 N, speed: 20 cm/s, distance: 2000 m | 22.5 GPa | 0.44 | - | 0.8 μm3/mmN | [132] |
CrAlN Al/Cr atomic ratio = 0.26 | HSS | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | alumina φ 9.5 mm, load: 10 N, speed: 20 cm/s, distance: 2000 m | 24.1 GPa | 0.43 | - | 0.6 μm3/mmN | [132] |
CrAlN Al/Cr atomic ratio = 0.39 | HSS | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | alumina φ 9.5 mm, load: 10 N, speed: 20 cm/s, distance: 2000 m | 27.8 GPa | 0.45 | - | 0.38 μm3/mmN | [132] |
CrAlN Al/Cr atomic ratio = 0.51 | HSS | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | alumina φ 9.5 mm, load 10 N, speed: 20 cm/s, distance: 2000 m | 26 GPa | 0.6 | - | 0.17 μm3/mmN | [132] |
Cr55Si1.3CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel, | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering | Sharp alumina, φ 50 μm, velocity: 60 m/s | 21.59 GPa | 0.71 | - | 1.12 μm3/mmN | [18] |
Cr46Si2.6CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel, | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering | Sharp alumina, φ 50 μm velocity: 60 m/s | 14.04 GPa | 0.91 | - | 2.12 μm3/mmN | [18] |
Cr43Si3.4CN | 17-4 PH stainless steel, | Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering | Sharp alumina, φ 50 μm velocity: 60 m/s | 13.86 GPa | 0.67 | - | 1.1 μm3/mmN | [18] |
CrAlTiN | VT-3 titanium alloy | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | Steel ball φ 25–40 mm, load: 0.5–10 N, sliding speed: 74–247 rpm, abrasive material: SiC | 18 GPa | - | 22 N | 5.18 μm3/mmN/23.66 μm3/mmN | [15] |
CrCN/CrN | HS18-0-1 high speed steel | Cathodic arc evaporation | alumina, φ 10 mm, load: 30 N, velocity: 0.2 m/s distance: 1500 m | 24.5 ± 0.5 GPa | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 115 ± 3 N | 2.4 μm3/mmN | [11] |
CrCN/CrN + ta-C | HS18-0-1 high speed steel | Cathodic arc evaporation | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 20N, velocity: 0.1 m/s distance: 3790 m | 45 ± 2 GPa | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 71 ± 3 N | 1.3 μm3/mmN | [11] |
CrAlNx/CrAlN | TC11 titanium alloy | Arc ion plating | alumina φ 80 μm; velocity: 30 m/s impact angle 30 and 90° | 24.7 ± 0.6 GPa | - | 46.2 N | 0.568 μm/g at 30° 1.265 μm/g at 90° | [9] |
TiN | VT-3 titanium alloy | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | steel ball φ 25–40 mm load: 0.5–10 N, sliding speed: 74–247 rpm, abrasive material: SiC | 41 GPa | - | 8 N | 6.59 μm3/mmN/27.92 μm3/mmN | [15] |
TiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | nylon fibre φ 0.12 mm tension force: 2 N, sliding velocity: 225 m/min | 26.4 GPa/6.6 GPa | - | - | 0.967 g/m/4.73 g/m after 180 min | [136] |
TiAlN | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 1 N, rotation: 1432.4 rpm wear track: φ 0.2 cm, 185 cycles | 27 ÷ 1 GPa/6.0 ÷ 0.1 GPa | 0.8/0.7 | - | 4.0 × 10−4 mm3/5.4 × 10−4 mm3 | [135] |
TiCrAlN | VT-3 titanium alloy | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | steel ball φ 25–40 mm, load of 0.5–10 N, sliding speed: 74–247 rpm, abrasive material: SiC | 17 GPa | - | 25 N | 3.39 μm3/mmN/6.29 μm3/mmN | [15] |
TiCrBN | VT-3 titanium alloy | Unbalanced magnetron sputtering | steel ball φ 25–40 mm, load of 0.5–10 N, sliding speed: 74–247 rpm, abrasive material: SiC | 28 GPa | - | 35 N | 4.759 μm3/mmN/120.8 μm3/mmN | [15] |
TiN/Ti | Ti6Al4V alloy | Combination of magnetic filtered cathode vacuum arc and metal vapor vacuum arc ion implantation | silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) φ 150 μm; impact velocity: 130 m/s | 24.73 GPa ÷ 30.58 GPa | - | 77.8 ± 2.9 N ÷ 83.7 ± 3.5 N | 0.0014 mg/g ÷ 0.023 mg/g | [16] |
TiN/Ti | Ti-6Al-4V alloy | Arc evaporation | Corundum 0.053 mm size; velocity: 85 g/s, angle: 60° | 25.07 ÷ 34.06 GPa | - | 2.4 ÷ 14.1 N | 0.19 ÷ 0.51 mg/min | [22] |
TiAlN/W2N modula-tion period 680 nm | AISI 304 L | Multiarc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | Si3N4 ball, φ 6.0 mm; load: 5.0 N, rotating speed of 200 rpm, 30 min | 1.3 GPa | 0.78 | 41.8 N | 5.84 μm3/mmN/9.92 μm3/mmN | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modula-tion period 373 nm | AISI 304 L | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | Si3N4 ball, φ 6.0 mm; load: 5.0 N, rotating speed of 200 rpm, 30 min | 1.76 | 0.73 | 35.3 | 2.50 μm3/mmN | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modula-tion period 256 nm | AISI 304 L | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | Si3N4 ball, φ 6.0 mm; load: 5.0 N, rotating speed of 200 rpm, 30 min | 1.38 | 0.80 | 29.8 | 3.42 μm3/mmN | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modula-tion period 197 nm | AISI 304 L | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | Si3N4 ball, φ 6.0 mm; load: 5.0 N, rotating speed of 200 rpm, 30 min | 1.29 | 0.81 | 24.1 | 4.11 μm3/mmN | [19] |
TiAlN/W2N modula-tion period 140 nm | AISI 304 L | Multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering | Si3N4 ball, φ 6.0 mm; load: 5.0 N rotating speed of 200 rpm, 30 min | 1.14 | 0.81 | 18.9 | 4.38 μm3/mmN | [19] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 11 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 1 N, rotation: 1432.4 rpm wear track: φ 0.2 cm, 185 cycles | 15.2 ± 0.4 GPa/6.0 ± 0.1 GPa | 0.31/0.7 | - | 2.2 × 10−4 mm3/5.4 × 10−4 mm3 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 16 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 1 N, rotation: 1432.4 rpm wear track: φ 0.2 cm, 185 cycles | 10.1 ± 0.3 GPa/6.0 ± 0.1 GPa | 0.28/0.7 | - | 1.6 × 10−4 mm3/5.4 × 10−4 mm3 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 17 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 1 N, rotation: 1432.4 rpm wear track: φ 0.2 cm, 185 cycles | 8.8 ± 1.4 GPa/6.0 ± 0.1 GPa | 0.25/0.7 | - | 7.7 × 10−5 mm3/5.4 × 10−4 mm3 | [135] |
TiAlN (Ag,Cu) 20 at.% | AISI 420 | Magnetron sputtering | alumina, φ 6 mm, load: 1 N, rotation: 1432.4 rpm wear track: φ 0.2 cm, 185 cycles | 6.7 ± 0.3 GPa/6.0 ± 0.1 GPa | 0.1/0.7 | - | 1.6 × 10−4 mm3/5.4 × 10−4 mm3 | [135] |
TiAlSiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | nylon fibre φ 0.12 mm tension force: 2 N, sliding velocity: 225 m/min | 31.6 GPa/6.6 GPa | - | - | 0.494 g/m/ 4.73 g/m after 180 min | [136] |
TiCrAl SiN | AISI 316 | Cathodic arc evaporation | nylon fibre φ 0.12 mm tension force: 2 N, sliding velocity: 225 m/min | 30.4 GPa/6.6 GPa | - | - | 0.65 g/m/ 4.73 g/m after 180 min | [136] |
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Krella, A. Resistance of PVD Coatings to Erosive and Wear Processes: A Review. Coatings 2020, 10, 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100921
Krella A. Resistance of PVD Coatings to Erosive and Wear Processes: A Review. Coatings. 2020; 10(10):921. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100921
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrella, Alicja. 2020. "Resistance of PVD Coatings to Erosive and Wear Processes: A Review" Coatings 10, no. 10: 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100921