Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Demographic Information
2.2. Knowledge
2.3. Attitude
2.4. Practices Influencing Antibiotic Use
2.5. Relationship between the Use of AST before Antibiotic Treatment and Select Investigated Parameters
2.6. Relationship between Knowledge Level of Appropriate Antibiotic Use and AMR and Select Investigated Parameters
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.2. Study Population
4.3. Study Design
4.4. Sample Size
4.5. Data Collection
4.6. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Response | Frequency (n = 241) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 49 | 20.3 |
Male | 192 | 79.7 | |
Age group | 18–24 years old | 1 | 0.4 |
25–34 years old | 116 | 48.1 | |
35–44 years old | 85 | 35.3 | |
45–54 years old | 27 | 11.2 | |
55–64 years old | 12 | 5.0 | |
65 years and above | 0 | 0 | |
Prefer not to say | 0 | 0 | |
University of training | Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria | 69 | 28.6 |
University of Maiduguiri | 60 | 24.9 | |
University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) | 31 | 12.9 | |
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS) | 27 | 11.2 | |
University of Ibadan (UI), Ibadan | 27 | 11.2 | |
Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi (FUAM) | 9 | 3.7 | |
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) | 8 | 3.3 | |
Other | 8 | 3.3 | |
University of Abuja | 2 | 0.8 | |
Highest level of education | Veterinary degree (DVM, etc.) | 152 | 63.1 |
MSc/MPH | 61 | 25.3 | |
Fellow, College of Veterinary Surgeon (FCVS) | 6 | 2.5 | |
PhD | 16 | 6.6 | |
Other | 6 | 2.5 | |
Type of employment | Private practice | 92 | 38.2 |
Government employee | 75 | 31.1 | |
Teaching | 25 | 10.4 | |
Non-governmental organization employee | 22 | 9.1 | |
Research | 15 | 6.2 | |
Other | 12 | 5.0 | |
Years registered as a vet surgeon | 0–<5 years | 87 | 36.1 |
5–10 years | 75 | 31.1 | |
10–15 years | 30 | 12.4 | |
15–20 years | 18 | 7.5 | |
21 and above | 28 | 11.6 | |
Prefer not to say | 3 | 1.2 | |
Type of veterinary practice * | Mixed practice (large, small or exotic animals) | 97 | 40.2 |
Poultry practice (chicken, turkey) | 94 | 39.0 | |
Small animal practice (dogs, cats, rabbits) | 87 | 36.1 | |
Large animal practice (cattle, horse, goat, sheep, pig) | 75 | 31.1 | |
Fish practice | 29 | 12.0 | |
Do not practice | 15 | 6.2 | |
Other practice | 11 | 4.6 | |
Exotics practice (parrots, tortoise, snakes, etc.) | 8 | 3.3 | |
Wildlife practice (wild animals) | 6 | 2.5 | |
Location of veterinary practice by geopolitical zone | North Central | 69 | 28.6 |
North West | 49 | 20.3 | |
North East | 46 | 19.1 | |
South West | 39 | 16.2 | |
South East | 21 | 8.7 | |
South South | 17 | 7.1 |
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Adekanye, U.O.; Ekiri, A.B.; Galipó, E.; Muhammad, A.B.; Mateus, A.; La Ragione, R.M.; Wakawa, A.; Armson, B.; Mijten, E.; Alafiatayo, R.; et al. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080453
Adekanye UO, Ekiri AB, Galipó E, Muhammad AB, Mateus A, La Ragione RM, Wakawa A, Armson B, Mijten E, Alafiatayo R, et al. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(8):453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080453
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdekanye, Usman O., Abel B. Ekiri, Erika Galipó, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Ana Mateus, Roberto M. La Ragione, Aliyu Wakawa, Bryony Armson, Erik Mijten, Ruth Alafiatayo, and et al. 2020. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria" Antibiotics 9, no. 8: 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080453