Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, but not Rosmarinic Acid, Specifically Inhibit agr Virulence Expression
2.2. Rosemary Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid Specifially Inhibit RNAIII agr Virulence Expression
2.3. Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Rosemary Extracts Inhibit RNAIII and psmα Gene Expression in Clinical Strains of S. aureus from Atopic Dermatitis Patients
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Strains Utilized
5.2. Test Materials
5.3. Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography
5.4. Reporter Assay
5.5. Quantitative Real Time PCR
5.6. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Carnosic Acid (%) | Carnosol (%) | Rosmarinic Acid (%) |
---|---|---|---|
C1 | 6.2 | NA | NA |
C2 | 11.5 | 2.8 | NA |
C3 | NA | NA | NA |
C4 | 20.9 | 2.0 | NA |
C5 | 21.29 | 24.19 | 1.18 |
C6 | 15.29 | 4.74 | 0.63 |
C7 | 16.39 | 3.70 | 6.53 |
C8 | 13.42 | 6.77 | 6.48 |
C9 | 13.83 | 2.50 | 6.48 |
Primer/Probe | Sequence |
---|---|
RNAIII forward primer | AATTAGCAAGTGAGTAACATTTGCTAGT |
RNAIII reverse primer | GATGTTGTTTACGATAGCTTACATGC |
RNAIII probe | FAM-AGTTAGTTTCCTTGGACTCAGTGCTATGTATTTTTCTT-BHQ |
psmα forward primer | TAAGCTTAATCGAACAATTC |
psmα reverse primer | CCCCTTCAAATAAGATGTTCATATC |
psmα probe | FAM-AAAGAVVTCCTTTGTTTGTTATGAAATCTTATTTACCAG-BHQ |
gyrB forward primer | CAAATGATCACAGCATTTGGTACAG |
gyrB reverse primer | CGGCATCAGTCATAATGACGAT |
gyrB probe | FAM-AATCGGTGGCGACTTTGATCTAGCGAAAG-BHQ |
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Nakagawa, S.; Hillebrand, G.G.; Nunez, G. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040149
Nakagawa S, Hillebrand GG, Nunez G. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(4):149. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040149
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakagawa, Seitaro, Greg G. Hillebrand, and Gabriel Nunez. 2020. "Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence" Antibiotics 9, no. 4: 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040149