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Antibiotics
Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/antibiotics12050818
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Article

Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity

by
Nikolai S. Li-Zhulanov
1,*,
Nadezhda P. Zaikova
1,
Suat Sari
2,
Dolunay Gülmez
3,
Suna Sabuncuoğlu
4,
Keriman Ozadali-Sari
2,
Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli
3,
Andrey A. Nefedov
1,
Tatyana V. Rybalova
1,
Konstantin P. Volcho
1,* and
Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
1
1
N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050818
Submission received: 10 April 2023 / Revised: 24 April 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 27 April 2023
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Abstract

Azole antifungals, including fluconazole, have long been the first-line antifungal agents in the fight against fungal infections. The emergence of drug-resistant strains and the associated increase in mortality from systemic mycoses has prompted the development of new agents based on azoles. We reported a synthesis of novel monoterpene-containing azoles with high antifungal activity and low cytotoxicity. These hybrids demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against all tested fungal strains, with excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. Compounds 10a and 10c with cuminyl and pinenyl fragments demonstrated up to 100 times lower MICs than fluconazole against clinical isolates. The results indicated that the monoterpene-containing azoles had much lower MICs against fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis than their phenyl-containing counterpart. In addition, the compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at active concentrations in the MTT assay, indicating potential for further development as antifungal agents.
Keywords: triazole antifungals; monoterpenoids; hybrids; clinical isolates; CYP51; Candida spp. triazole antifungals; monoterpenoids; hybrids; clinical isolates; CYP51; Candida spp.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li-Zhulanov, N.S.; Zaikova, N.P.; Sari, S.; Gülmez, D.; Sabuncuoğlu, S.; Ozadali-Sari, K.; Arikan-Akdagli, S.; Nefedov, A.A.; Rybalova, T.V.; Volcho, K.P.; et al. Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050818

AMA Style

Li-Zhulanov NS, Zaikova NP, Sari S, Gülmez D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Ozadali-Sari K, Arikan-Akdagli S, Nefedov AA, Rybalova TV, Volcho KP, et al. Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(5):818. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050818

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Zhulanov, Nikolai S., Nadezhda P. Zaikova, Suat Sari, Dolunay Gülmez, Suna Sabuncuoğlu, Keriman Ozadali-Sari, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Andrey A. Nefedov, Tatyana V. Rybalova, Konstantin P. Volcho, and et al. 2023. "Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity" Antibiotics 12, no. 5: 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050818

APA Style

Li-Zhulanov, N. S., Zaikova, N. P., Sari, S., Gülmez, D., Sabuncuoğlu, S., Ozadali-Sari, K., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Nefedov, A. A., Rybalova, T. V., Volcho, K. P., & Salakhutdinov, N. F. (2023). Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics, 12(5), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050818

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