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Antibiotics
Volume 12
Issue 1
10.3390/antibiotics12010181
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Article

Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract

by
Wah Wah Aung
1,2,
Kanokpon Panich
1,
Suchawalee Watthanophas
1,
Sutada Naridsirikul
1,
Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
1,2,
Wantanwa Krongrawa
1,2,
Pattranit Kulpicheswanich
3,
Sontaya Limmatvapirat
1,2 and
Chutima Limmatvapirat
1,2,*
1
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
2
Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
3
Baan Teraeng Groups Co., Ltd., 12/32 Moo 19 Chumhed, Muang Buriram, Buriram 31000, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010181
Submission received: 24 December 2022 / Revised: 11 January 2023 / Accepted: 12 January 2023 / Published: 16 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts)
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Abstract

Senna alata leaves display various biological activities as a result of their rhein and phenolic composition. The objective of this study was to develop bioactive de-chlorophyll rhein-rich S. alata extracts. The rhein content was quantified using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method. The best process parameters for maximizing rhein were established using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimal conditions for the parameters were determined using the Box–Behnken design (BBD); 95% v/v ethanol was used as the extraction solvent at 59.52 °C for 18.4 min with a solvent-to-solid ratio of 25.48:1 (mL/g) to obtain the predicted value of rhein at 10.44 mg/g extract. However, the color of the rhein-rich extract remained dark brown. For the removal of chlorophyll, liquid–liquid extraction with vegetable oils and adsorption with bleaching agents were employed. The bleaching agents were significantly more effective at removing chlorophyll and had less of an effect on the reduction in rhein content than vegetable oils. The presence of rhein and phenolics in the de-chlorophyll extracts might be responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. These findings indicate that rhein-rich extract and its de-chlorophyll extracts possess sufficient biological activities for the further development of cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Senna alata; rhein; ultrasound-assisted extraction; Box–Behnken design; biological activity Senna alata; rhein; ultrasound-assisted extraction; Box–Behnken design; biological activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aung, W.W.; Panich, K.; Watthanophas, S.; Naridsirikul, S.; Ponphaiboon, J.; Krongrawa, W.; Kulpicheswanich, P.; Limmatvapirat, S.; Limmatvapirat, C. Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010181

AMA Style

Aung WW, Panich K, Watthanophas S, Naridsirikul S, Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Kulpicheswanich P, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(1):181. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010181

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aung, Wah Wah, Kanokpon Panich, Suchawalee Watthanophas, Sutada Naridsirikul, Juthaporn Ponphaiboon, Wantanwa Krongrawa, Pattranit Kulpicheswanich, Sontaya Limmatvapirat, and Chutima Limmatvapirat. 2023. "Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract" Antibiotics 12, no. 1: 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010181

APA Style

Aung, W. W., Panich, K., Watthanophas, S., Naridsirikul, S., Ponphaiboon, J., Krongrawa, W., Kulpicheswanich, P., Limmatvapirat, S., & Limmatvapirat, C. (2023). Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-Rich Senna alata Extract. Antibiotics, 12(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010181

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