Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in the COVID-19 Era
2.1. Empirical Treatment for Suspected Bacterial Infections
2.2. Limited Diagnostic Capacity
2.3. Increased Use of Falsified and Substandard Antimicrobials
2.4. Poor Adherence and Compliance to Treatments
2.5. Misinformation
2.6. Antimicrobial Stewardship Deprioritisation
3. Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance
3.1. Antimicrobial Stewardship
3.2. Strengthen Diagnostics and Surveillance
3.3. Antimicrobial Legislation
3.4. Communication
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chitungo, I.; Dzinamarira, T.; Nyazika, T.K.; Herrera, H.; Musuka, G.; Murewanhema, G. Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020244
Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T, Nyazika TK, Herrera H, Musuka G, Murewanhema G. Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(2):244. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020244
Chicago/Turabian StyleChitungo, Itai, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Tinashe K. Nyazika, Helena Herrera, Godfrey Musuka, and Grant Murewanhema. 2022. "Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance" Antibiotics 11, no. 2: 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020244
APA StyleChitungo, I., Dzinamarira, T., Nyazika, T. K., Herrera, H., Musuka, G., & Murewanhema, G. (2022). Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics, 11(2), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020244