Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics among Child Patients in China: Prevalence, Predictors, and Association with Physicians’ Prescribing of Antibiotics at Medical Visits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Survey Instrument
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Clinical Characteristics of Medical Visits
3.3. Prevalence of Self-Medication and Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics
3.4. Predictors of Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics
3.5. Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics and Prescribing of Antibiotics at Physician Visits
4. Discussion
4.1. High Prevalence of Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics in China
4.2. Predictors of Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics
4.3. Impact of Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics on Physicians’ Prescribing Behavior
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|
Child age | 7 | 1.8 |
Caregiver age | 35 | 6.7 |
Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 1959 | 67% |
Male | 986 | 33% |
Education | ||
Middle school or less | 908 | 31% |
High school or associate degree | 1376 | 46% |
Bachelor’s degree or above | 678 | 23% |
Residence | ||
Tier 1 | 659 | 22% |
Tier 2 | 652 | 21% |
Tier 3 | 1078 | 35% |
Tier 4 (rural) | 667 | 22% |
Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|
Visit type | ||
Acute | 2067 | 68% |
Follow-up | 989 | 32% |
Symptom | ||
Cough | 1551 | 51% |
Runny nose | 1501 | 49% |
Fever | 1022 | 33% |
Sore throat | 865 | 28% |
Bad appetite | 652 | 21% |
Stomach ache | 419 | 14% |
Vomiting | 230 | 8% |
Wheezing | 123 | 4% |
Other symptoms | 63 | 2% |
Mean | SD | |
Number of symptoms | 2 | 1.2 |
Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|
Antibiotics | 1161 | 38% |
Non-antibiotics | 1085 | 36% |
None | 774 | 26% |
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Child age | |||
Younger | Reference | ||
Older | 1.016 | 1.005–1.027 | 0.007 *** |
Caregiver age | |||
Younger | Reference | ||
Older | 0.997 | 0.994–1.000 | 0.082 |
Caregiver sex | |||
Female | Reference | ||
Male | 1.011 | 0.972–1.052 | 0.257 |
Caregiver education | |||
Middle school or less | Reference | ||
High school or associate degree | 0.926 | 0.886–0.968 | 0.001 *** |
Bachelor’s degree or above | 0.861 | 0.815–0.908 | <0.0001 *** |
Residence | |||
Tier 1 | 1.119 | 1.058–1.184 | <0.001 *** |
Tier 2 | 1.072 | 1.020–1.128 | 0.002 ** |
Tier 3 | 1.130 | 1.006–1.197 | <0.001 *** |
Tier 4 (rural) | 1.045 | 1.029–1.061 | <0.0001 *** |
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Wang, N.C. Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics among Child Patients in China: Prevalence, Predictors, and Association with Physicians’ Prescribing of Antibiotics at Medical Visits. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111553
Wang NC. Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics among Child Patients in China: Prevalence, Predictors, and Association with Physicians’ Prescribing of Antibiotics at Medical Visits. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(11):1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111553
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Nan Christine. 2022. "Pre-Visit Use of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics among Child Patients in China: Prevalence, Predictors, and Association with Physicians’ Prescribing of Antibiotics at Medical Visits" Antibiotics 11, no. 11: 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111553