Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008–2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antibiotic Use
2.2. Antibiotic Costs
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Setting
3.3. Data Source
3.4. Analysis
3.5. Ethics
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Prescription Rate (Number of Prescriptions/1000 Adults/Year) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic Category | ATC Code | 2008 | 2019 | ∆ (%) |
Tetracyclines | J01A | 85 | 52 | −39% |
Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins | J01C | 207 | 195 | −6% |
Other beta-lactam antibacterials | J01D | 133 | 104 | −22% |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | J01E | 34 | 24 | −29% |
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins | J01F | 80 | 32 | −60% |
Quinolone antibacterials | J01M | 43 | 22 | −49% |
All antibacterials for systemic use * | J01 | 582 | 428 | −26% |
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Pyörälä, E.; Sepponen, K.; Lauhio, A.; Saastamoinen, L. Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008–2019. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111453
Pyörälä E, Sepponen K, Lauhio A, Saastamoinen L. Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008–2019. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(11):1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111453
Chicago/Turabian StylePyörälä, Elisa, Kati Sepponen, Anneli Lauhio, and Leena Saastamoinen. 2022. "Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008–2019" Antibiotics 11, no. 11: 1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111453
APA StylePyörälä, E., Sepponen, K., Lauhio, A., & Saastamoinen, L. (2022). Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008–2019. Antibiotics, 11(11), 1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111453