Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Incidence Rate of Antimicrobial-Treated CM and Number of Treatment Courses per Cow
2.2. Antimicrobial Compounds Used in the CM Treatments
2.3. Combination of Antimicrobials within a Treatment Course
2.4. The Effect of Different Penicillin Treatment Schemes of CM on Post-Treatment Milk SCC
3. Discussion
3.1. Incidence Rate of Antimicrobial-Treated CM
3.2. Antimicrobial Usage in the Treatment of CM Cases
3.3. Association between Different CM Penicillin Treatment Protocols and the Level of Post-Treatment Milk SCC
3.4. Limitations of the Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Collection of CM Treatment Data
4.2. Analysis of the Efficacy of Different Penicillin Treatment Protocols on Post-Treatment Milk SCC
4.3. Definitions of a CM Treatment and a Treatment Course
4.4. Data Editing
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Compound(s) in the Antimicrobial Product | Number of Treatments (%; 95% Confidence Intervals) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Systemic | IMM 1 | Total | |
Penicillins | |||
Procaine benzylpenicillin | 2498 (27.4; 26.5–28.3) | 3605 (44.8; 43.7–45.9) | 6103 (35.5; 34.8–36.2) |
Procaine benzylpenicillin/dihydrostreptomycin | 1249 (13.7; 13.0–14.4) | * | 1249 (7.3; 6.9–7.7) |
Amoxicillin | 1926 (21.1; 20.3–22.0) | * | 1926 (11.2; 10.7–11.7) |
Ampicillin/cloxacillin | * | 1562 (19.4; 18.5–20.3) | 1562 (9.1; 8.7–9.5) |
Cloxacillin | * | 354 (4.4; 4.0–4.9) | 354 (2.1; 1.9–2.3) |
Cephalosporins | |||
Cefalexin/kanamycin | * | 1054 (13.1; 12.3–13.8) | 1054 (6.1; 5.8–6.5) |
Cefacetrile/rifaximin | * | 30 (0.4; 0.3–0.5) | 30 (0.2; 0.1–0.2) |
Ceftiofur | 111 (1.2; 1.0–1.5) | * | 111 (0.6; 0.5–0.8) |
Cefquinome | 114 (1.2; 1.0–1.5) | 211 (2.6; 2.3–3.0) | 325 (1.9; 1.7–2.1) |
Fluoroquinolones | |||
Marbofloxacin | 2839 (31.1; 30.2–32.1) | * | 2839 (16.5; 16.0–17.1) |
Enrofloxacin | 143 (1.6; 1.3–1.8) | * | 143 (0.8; 0.7–1.0) |
Lincosamides | |||
Lincomycin | * | 347 (4.3; 3.9–4.8) | 347 (2.0; 1.8–2.2) |
Lincomycin/neomycin | * | 889 (11.0; 10.4–11.7) | 889 (5.2; 4.8–5.5) |
Lincomycin/spectinomycin | 197 (2.1; 1.9–2.5) | * | 197 (1.1; 1.0–1.3) |
Other antimicrobials | |||
Tetracycline | 42 (0.5; 0.3–0.6) | * | 42 (0.2; 0.2–0.3) |
Sulfadiazine/trimethoprim | 9 (0.1; 0.0–0.2) | * | 9 (0.1; 0.02–0.1) |
Total | 9128 (100.0) | 8052 (100.0) | 17,180 (100.0) |
Characteristic | Mean (Standard Error) | Median | Range (Min; Max) |
---|---|---|---|
Herd size (n of cows) | 660 (472.3) | 566 | 100; 2398 |
305-day milk yield (kg) | 10,702 (175.1) | 10,698 | 7915; 13,226 |
Herd SCC (× 1000/mL) | 212 (5.4) | 191 | 128; 537 |
IMI rate 1 | 25.0 (1.6) | 23.2 | 14.5; 63.5 |
New IMI rate 2 | 6.8 (0.3) | 6.8 | 5.2; 8.2 |
Chronic IMI rate 3 | 18.2 (1.9) | 16.4 | 8.6; 46.3 |
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Timonen, A.; Sammul, M.; Taponen, S.; Kaart, T.; Mõtus, K.; Kalmus, P. Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010044
Timonen A, Sammul M, Taponen S, Kaart T, Mõtus K, Kalmus P. Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010044
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimonen, Anri, Marju Sammul, Suvi Taponen, Tanel Kaart, Kerli Mõtus, and Piret Kalmus. 2022. "Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds" Antibiotics 11, no. 1: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010044
APA StyleTimonen, A., Sammul, M., Taponen, S., Kaart, T., Mõtus, K., & Kalmus, P. (2022). Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds. Antibiotics, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010044