Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Microbiological Results
- -
- S. aureus, twenty-four strains (48.0%);
- -
- S. intermedius, six strains (12%);
- -
- S. hycus subsp. hycus, two strains (4%);
2.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assay
3. Discussions
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Study Farms
5.2. Samples Collection
- Presence of signs of udder inflammation: redness, hotness, pain at local palpation.
- Obvious changes in milk (milk consistency, presence of blood, clots, and flakes).
- Generalized clinical symptoms: fever, loss of appetite, severe udder inflammation.
5.3. Bacterial Isolation and Identification
5.4. In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Statistical Analysis
References
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Bacteria | Character of Primary Culture | Total of Isolates | Mastitis Type | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monomicrobial | Polymicrobial | No | % | CM | SCM | |||||
No Isolates | % | No Isolates | % | No | % | No | % | |||
Staphylococcus spp. | 29 | 25.02 | 21 | 18.10 | 50 | 43.10 | 13 | 11.20 | 37 | 31.90 |
Streptococcus spp. | 19 | 16.37 | 7 | 6.03 | 26 | 22.41 | 11 | 9.48 | 15 | 12.94 |
Escherichia coli | 9 | 7.75 | 7 | 6.03 | 16 | 13.80 | 10 | 8.62 | 6 | 5.17 |
Corynebacterium spp. | 3 | 2.58 | 6 | 5.17 | 9 | 7.76 | 2 | 1.72 | 7 | 6.03 |
Enterococcus spp. | 6 | 5.17 | 4 | 3.45 | 10 | 8.62 | 2 | 1.72 | 8 | 6.90 |
Enterobacter spp. | 4 | 3.45 | 1 | 0.86 | 5 | 4.31 | - | - | 5 | 4.31 |
Total | 70 | 60.34 | 46 | 39.66 | 116 | 100 | 38 | 32.74 | 78 | 67.25 |
No | Antimicrobial | CPS Isolates | CNS Isolates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus (n = 12) | S. intermedius (n = 3) | S. hycus subsp. Hycus (n = 1) | S. chromogenes (n = 2) | S. xylosus (n = 2) | S. hycus (n = 2) | S. capitis (n = 2) | ||
1 | Erythromycin | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2 | Polymyxin B | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
3 | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
4 | Gentamicin | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
5 | Tylozin | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
6 | Oxacillin | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
7 | Cephalothin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | Novobiocin | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
9 | Ampicillin | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
10 | Tetracyclin | 8 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
11 | Kanamycin | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
12 | Methicillin | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
13 | Amoxicillin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | Rifampicin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
No | Antimicrobial | Streptococcus spp. | Enterococcus spp. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Str. agalactiae (n = 8) | Str. Uberis (n = 4) | Str. Dysgalactiae (n = 4) | E. faecium (n = 6) | ||
1 | Erythromycin | 7 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
2 | Penicillin | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
3 | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
4 | Gentamicin | 7 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
5 | Tylosin | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
6 | Oxacillin | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
7 | Cephalothin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
8 | Novobiocin | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
9 | Ampicillin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
10 | Tetracycline | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
11 | Kanamycin | 8 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
12 | Lincomycin | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
13 | Bacitracin | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
14 | Sulfamethoxazole/trimethorprim | 8 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
No | Antimicrobial | E. coli (n = 7) |
---|---|---|
1 | Erythromycin | 5 |
2 | Florfenicol | 0 |
3 | Gentamicin | 0 |
4 | Cephalothin | 2 |
5 | Ampicillin | 4 |
6 | Tetracycline | 5 |
7 | Enrofloxacin | 0 |
Bacteria | No of Isolates | Resistance Profile |
---|---|---|
Staphylococcu spp. | 8 | E;AMC;TY;AMP |
4 | E;AMC;AMP;TC;M | |
5 | M;TC;AMP;NV;E | |
2 | AMC;PB;OX;NV;AMP;TET;M | |
2 | PB;GEN;TYL;NV;AMP;TET;M;OX | |
Streptococcus spp. | 6 | GEN;OX;TET;K;STX |
3 | E;AMP;TET;K;B;STX | |
2 | E;B;L;K;TET;NV;OX;AMC | |
2 | STX;B;L;K;TET;NV;OX;TYL;AMC | |
1 | E;AMC;GEN;OX;NV;AMP;TET;K;B;STX | |
Enterococcus spp. | 1 | E;GEN;K;STX; |
1 | STX;K;TET;E;GEN;TY | |
1 | E;GEN;TY;TET;K;STX | |
1 | E;GEN;TY;OX;AMP;TET;K;L;B;STX |
Farm | Location | Breed | Herd Size/Lactating Cows | No. of Samples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | From CM Cases (%) | From SCM Cases (%) | ||||
1 | Arad | Holstein | 160/50 | 102 | 9 (5.00) | 93 (51.67) |
2 | Timis 1 | Holestein and Red Holstein | 75/33 | 31 | 5 (2.78) | 26 (14.44) |
3 | Timis 2 | Holestein | 60/24 | 27 | 3 (1.67) | 24 (13.33) |
4 | Bihor | Romanian Spotted Cattle | 40/20 | 20 | 1 (0.56) | 19 (10.56) |
Total | 335/127 | 180 | 18 (10.00) | 162 (90.00) |
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Pascu, C.; Herman, V.; Iancu, I.; Costinar, L. Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010057
Pascu C, Herman V, Iancu I, Costinar L. Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(1):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010057
Chicago/Turabian StylePascu, Corina, Viorel Herman, Ionica Iancu, and Luminita Costinar. 2022. "Etiology of Mastitis and Antimicrobial Resistance in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Western Part of Romania" Antibiotics 11, no. 1: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010057