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Antibiotics
Volume 11
Issue 1
10.3390/antibiotics11010028
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Article

Comparison of Consumption Data and Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates of Human Urinary Samples and of Weaning and Fattening Pigs from Surveillance and Monitoring Systems in Germany

by
Octavio Mesa-Varona
1,*,
Ides Boone
2,
Matthias Flor
1,
Tim Eckmanns
2,
Heike Kaspar
3,
Mirjam Grobbel
1 and
Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
1
1
Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
2
Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany
3
Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Reference Laboratories, Resistance to Antibiotics Unit Monitoring of Resistance to Antibiotics, Department Method Standardization, 12277 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2022, 11(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010028
Submission received: 6 December 2021 / Revised: 21 December 2021 / Accepted: 24 December 2021 / Published: 27 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Humans and Food–Animal Production Systems)
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from humans are mostly collected from clinical isolates, whereas from livestock data also exist from colonizing pathogens. In Germany, livestock data are collected from clinical and nonclinical isolates. We compared resistance levels of clinical and nonclinical isolates of Escherichia coli from weaning and fattening pigs with clinical outpatient isolates of humans from urban and rural areas. We also studied the association of AMR with available antimicrobial use (AMU) data from humans and pigs. Differences between rural and urban isolates were minor and did not affect the comparison between human and pig isolates. We found higher resistance levels to most antimicrobials in human isolates compared to nonclinical isolates of fattening pigs. Resistance to ampicillin, however, was significantly more frequent in clinical isolates of fattening pigs and in clinical and nonclinical isolates of weaning pigs compared to isolates from humans. The opposite was observed for ciprofloxacin. Co-trimoxazole resistance proportions were higher in clinical isolates of weaning and fattening pigs as compared to isolates from humans. Resistance proportions were higher in clinical isolates than in nonclinical isolates from pigs of the same age group and were also higher in weaner than in fattening pigs. Significant associations of AMU and AMR were found for gentamicin resistance and aminoglycoside use in humans (borderline) and for ampicillin resistance in clinical isolates and penicillin use in fattening pigs. In summary, we found significant differences between isolates from all populations, requiring more detailed analyses supported by molecular data and better harmonized data on AMU and AMR.
Keywords: AMR; AMU; one health; clinical isolates; nonclinical isolates; weaning pig; fattening pig; E. coli AMR; AMU; one health; clinical isolates; nonclinical isolates; weaning pig; fattening pig; E. coli

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mesa-Varona, O.; Boone, I.; Flor, M.; Eckmanns, T.; Kaspar, H.; Grobbel, M.; Tenhagen, B.-A. Comparison of Consumption Data and Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates of Human Urinary Samples and of Weaning and Fattening Pigs from Surveillance and Monitoring Systems in Germany. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010028

AMA Style

Mesa-Varona O, Boone I, Flor M, Eckmanns T, Kaspar H, Grobbel M, Tenhagen B-A. Comparison of Consumption Data and Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates of Human Urinary Samples and of Weaning and Fattening Pigs from Surveillance and Monitoring Systems in Germany. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010028

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mesa-Varona, Octavio, Ides Boone, Matthias Flor, Tim Eckmanns, Heike Kaspar, Mirjam Grobbel, and Bernd-Alois Tenhagen. 2022. "Comparison of Consumption Data and Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates of Human Urinary Samples and of Weaning and Fattening Pigs from Surveillance and Monitoring Systems in Germany" Antibiotics 11, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010028

APA Style

Mesa-Varona, O., Boone, I., Flor, M., Eckmanns, T., Kaspar, H., Grobbel, M., & Tenhagen, B.-A. (2022). Comparison of Consumption Data and Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance in E. coli Isolates of Human Urinary Samples and of Weaning and Fattening Pigs from Surveillance and Monitoring Systems in Germany. Antibiotics, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010028

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