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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/bios15080512
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

White Light Spectroscopy for Sampling-Free Bacterial Contamination Detection During CAR T-Cells Production: Towards an On-Line and Real-Time System

by
Bruno Wacogne
1,2,*,
Naïs Vaccari
1,
Claudia Koubevi
1,
Charles-Louis Azzopardi
1,
Bilal Karib
1,
Alain Rouleau
1 and
Annie Frelet-Barrand
1
1
CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, F-25000 Besançon, France
2
Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, INSERM CIC 1431, 25030 Besançon, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080512
Submission received: 27 June 2025 / Revised: 29 July 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 6 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensing Applications for Cell Monitoring)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), especially effective against cancer, remain costly due to their reliance on genetically modified T cells. Contamination during production is a major concern, as traditional quality control methods involve samplings, which can themselves introduce contaminants. It is therefore necessary to develop methods for detecting contamination without sampling and, if possible, in real time. In this article, we present a white light spectroscopy method that makes this possible. It is based on shape analysis of the absorption spectrum, which evolves from an approximately Gaussian shape to a shape modified by the 1/λ component of bacterial absorption spectra when contamination develops. A warning value based on this shape descriptor is proposed. It is demonstrated that a few hours are sufficient to detect contamination and trigger an alarm to quickly stop the production. This time-saving should reduce the cost of these new drugs, making them accessible to as many people as possible. This method can be used regardless of the type of contaminants, provided that the shape of their absorption spectrum is sufficiently different from that of pure T cells so that the shape descriptor is efficient.
Keywords: CAR T-cell; white light spectroscopy; contamination detection; advanced therapy medicinal product; quality control CAR T-cell; white light spectroscopy; contamination detection; advanced therapy medicinal product; quality control

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wacogne, B.; Vaccari, N.; Koubevi, C.; Azzopardi, C.-L.; Karib, B.; Rouleau, A.; Frelet-Barrand, A. White Light Spectroscopy for Sampling-Free Bacterial Contamination Detection During CAR T-Cells Production: Towards an On-Line and Real-Time System. Biosensors 2025, 15, 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080512

AMA Style

Wacogne B, Vaccari N, Koubevi C, Azzopardi C-L, Karib B, Rouleau A, Frelet-Barrand A. White Light Spectroscopy for Sampling-Free Bacterial Contamination Detection During CAR T-Cells Production: Towards an On-Line and Real-Time System. Biosensors. 2025; 15(8):512. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080512

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wacogne, Bruno, Naïs Vaccari, Claudia Koubevi, Charles-Louis Azzopardi, Bilal Karib, Alain Rouleau, and Annie Frelet-Barrand. 2025. "White Light Spectroscopy for Sampling-Free Bacterial Contamination Detection During CAR T-Cells Production: Towards an On-Line and Real-Time System" Biosensors 15, no. 8: 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080512

APA Style

Wacogne, B., Vaccari, N., Koubevi, C., Azzopardi, C.-L., Karib, B., Rouleau, A., & Frelet-Barrand, A. (2025). White Light Spectroscopy for Sampling-Free Bacterial Contamination Detection During CAR T-Cells Production: Towards an On-Line and Real-Time System. Biosensors, 15(8), 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080512

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