Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites

Chen, Bin; Yuan, Xiaosu; Tian, Enze; Tan, Yunjie; Li, Le; Huang, Ru

doi:10.3390/bios15040225

Open AccessArticle

Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites

by

Bin Chen

^1,†,

Xiaosu Yuan

^1,†,

Enze Tian

¹,

Yunjie Tan

¹,

Le Li

^2,* and

Ru Huang

^1,*

¹

State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China

²

NHC (National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China) Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Biosensors 2025, 15(4), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040225

Submission received: 16 February 2025 / Revised: 26 March 2025 / Accepted: 31 March 2025 / Published: 2 April 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)

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Abstract

Analyzing metabolite levels in bodily fluids is essential for disease diagnosis and surveillance. Electrochemical biosensors are ideal for monitoring metabolite levels due to their high sensitivity, rapid response, and low cost. The magnetic microbeads-based electrode functionalization method further promotes the automation development of electrochemical biosensors by eliminating the tedious electrode polishing process. In this study, we presented sea urchin-like magnetic microbeads (SMMBs) and constructed an SMMB-based electrochemical biosensor. The specific morphology of SMMBs provides a larger specific surface area and abundant enzyme binding sites, thereby expanding the active reaction interface on the electrode and improving the sensitivity of the biosensor. Experiment results demonstrated that the SMMB-based electrochemical biosensor achieves μM level detection sensitivity for glucose. Furthermore, by replacing the anchored oxidase on SMMBs, the biosensor can be extended to detect other metabolites, such as cholesterol. In summary, the SMMBs provide a new path to handily construct electrochemical biosensors and hold a great potential for metabolite detection and further development.

Keywords: sea urchin-like microbeads; magnetic microbeads; metabolite detection; electrochemical biosensor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, B.; Yuan, X.; Tian, E.; Tan, Y.; Li, L.; Huang, R. Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites. Biosensors 2025, 15, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040225

AMA Style

Chen B, Yuan X, Tian E, Tan Y, Li L, Huang R. Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites. Biosensors. 2025; 15(4):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040225

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Bin, Xiaosu Yuan, Enze Tian, Yunjie Tan, Le Li, and Ru Huang. 2025. "Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites" Biosensors 15, no. 4: 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040225

APA Style

Chen, B., Yuan, X., Tian, E., Tan, Y., Li, L., & Huang, R. (2025). Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites. Biosensors, 15(4), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040225

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Sea Urchin-like Magnetic Microbeads-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolites

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