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Volume 13
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Article

A Recognition-Molecule-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Ti3C2/TiO2 Heterostructure for Monitoring of Dopamine

by
Zhifang Wu
1,
Fangjie Han
1,
Tianqi Wang
1,
Liwei Guan
1,
Zhishan Liang
1,
Dongxue Han
1,2,* and
Li Niu
1
1
School of Economics and Statistics c/o Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Anti-Drug Tethnology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050526
Submission received: 28 March 2023 / Revised: 28 April 2023 / Accepted: 5 May 2023 / Published: 7 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensing Based on Electrochemical Analysis)
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Abstract

Herein, a novel, recognition-molecule-free electrode based on Ti3C2/TiO2 composites was synthesized using Ti3C2 as the Ti source and TiO2 in situ formed by oxidation on the Ti3C2 surface for the selective detection of dopamine (DA). The TiO2 in situ formed by oxidation on the Ti3C2 surface not only increased the catalytically active surface for DA binding but also accelerated the carrier transfer due to the coupling between TiO2 and Ti3C2, resulting in a better photoelectric response than pure TiO2. Through a series of experimental conditions optimization, the photocurrent signals obtained by the MT100 electrode were proportional to the DA concentration from 0.125 to 400 µM, with a detection limit estimated at 0.045 µM. We also monitored DA in human blood serum samples using the MT100 electrode. The results showed good recovery, demonstrating the promising use of the sensor for the analysis of DA in real samples.
Keywords: photoelectrochemical; MXene; dopamine sensor photoelectrochemical; MXene; dopamine sensor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, Z.; Han, F.; Wang, T.; Guan, L.; Liang, Z.; Han, D.; Niu, L. A Recognition-Molecule-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Ti3C2/TiO2 Heterostructure for Monitoring of Dopamine. Biosensors 2023, 13, 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050526

AMA Style

Wu Z, Han F, Wang T, Guan L, Liang Z, Han D, Niu L. A Recognition-Molecule-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Ti3C2/TiO2 Heterostructure for Monitoring of Dopamine. Biosensors. 2023; 13(5):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050526

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Zhifang, Fangjie Han, Tianqi Wang, Liwei Guan, Zhishan Liang, Dongxue Han, and Li Niu. 2023. "A Recognition-Molecule-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Ti3C2/TiO2 Heterostructure for Monitoring of Dopamine" Biosensors 13, no. 5: 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050526

APA Style

Wu, Z., Han, F., Wang, T., Guan, L., Liang, Z., Han, D., & Niu, L. (2023). A Recognition-Molecule-Free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Ti3C2/TiO2 Heterostructure for Monitoring of Dopamine. Biosensors, 13(5), 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050526

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