Controlling Gold-Assisted Exfoliation of Large-Area MoS2 Monolayers with External Pressure
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jin, C.; Ma, E.Y.; Karni, O.; Regan, E.C.; Wang, F.; Heinz, T.F. Ultrafast dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 994–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manzeli, S.; Ovchinnikov, D.; Pasquier, D.; Yazyev, O.V.; Kis, A. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2017, 2, 17033. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, J.Y.; Shin, J.H.; Lee, G.H.; Lee, C.H. Two-dimensional semiconductor optoelectronics based on van der Waals heterostructures. Nanomaterials 2016, 6, 193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, Y.; Sutter, E.; Shi, N.N.; Zheng, J.; Yang, T.; Englund, D.; Gao, H.-J.; Sutter, P. Reliable exfoliation of large-area high-quality flakes of graphene and other two-dimensional materials. ACS Nano 2016, 9, 10612–10620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dong, R.; Kuljanishvili, I. Progress in fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructure systems. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2017, 35, 030803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Coleman, J.N.; Lotya, M.; O’Neill, A.; Bergin, S.D.; King, P.J.; Khan, U.; Young, K.; Gaucher, A.; De, S.; Smith, R.J.; et al. Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 2011, 331, 568–571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M.G.; Strano, M.S.; Coleman, J.N. Liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 2013, 340, 1226419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ambrosi, A.; Pumera, M. Exfoliation of layered materials using electrochemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7213–7224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cai, Z.; Liu, B.; Zou, X.; Cheng, H.M. Chemical vapor deposition growth and applications of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 6091–6133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, H.; Du, Y.; Deng, Y.; Peide, D.Y. Semiconducting black phosphorus: Synthesis, transport properties and electronic applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 2732–2743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ye, Z.; Tan, C.; Huang, X.; Ouyang, Y.; Yang, L.; Wang, Z.; Dong, M. Emerging MoS2 wafer-scale technique for integrated circuits. Nano-Micro Lett. 2023, 15, 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shen, Y.; Dong, Z.; Sun, Y.; Guo, H.; Wu, F.; Li, X.; Tang, J.; Liu, J.; Wu, X.; Tian, H.; et al. The trend of 2D transistors toward integrated circuits: Scaling down and new mechanisms. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2201916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Radisavljevic, B.; Whitwick, M.B.; Kis, A. Integrated circuits and logic operations based on single-layer MoS2. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9934–9938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Yu, L.; Lee, Y.H.; Shi, Y.; Hsu, A.; Chin, M.L.; Li, L.-J.; Dubey, M.; Kong, J.; Palacios, T. Integrated circuits based on bilayer MoS2 transistors. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 4674–4680. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- George, A.S.; Mutlu, Z.; Ionescu, R.; Wu, R.J.; Jeong, J.S.; Bay, H.H.; Chai, Y.; Mkhoyan, K.A.; Ozkan, M.; Ozkan, C.S. Wafer scale synthesis and high resolution structural characterization of atomically thin MoS2 layers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 7461–7466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Velický, M.; Donnelly, G.E.; Hendren, W.R.; McFarland, S.; Scullion, D.; DeBenedetti, W.J.I.; Correa, G.C.; Han, Y.; Wain, A.J.; Hines, M.A.; et al. Mechanism of gold-assisted exfoliation of centimeter-sized transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 10463–10472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shim, J.; Bae, S.H.; Kong, W.; Lee, D.; Qiao, K.; Nezich, D.; Park, Y.Y.; Zhao, R.; Sundaram, S.; Li, X.; et al. Controlled crack propagation for atomic precision handling of wafer-scale two-dimensional materials. Science 2018, 362, 665–670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Petrini, N.; Peci, E.; Curreli, N.; Spotorno, E.; Kazemi Tofighi, N.; Magnozzi, M.; Scotognella, F.; Bisio, F.; Kriegel, I. Optimizing gold-assisted exfoliation of layered transition metal dichalcogenides with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES): A promising approach for large-area monolayers. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2024, 12, 2303228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Y.; Pan, Y.-H.; Yang, R.; Bao, L.-H.; Meng, L.; Luo, H.-L.; Cai, Y.-Q.; Liu, G.-D.; Zhao, W.-J.; Zhou, Z.; et al. Universal mechanical exfoliation of large-area 2D crystals. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, J.Y.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.I.; Xu, S.; Choi, J.H.; Whang, D.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Park, D.S.; Seo, J.; et al. Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eabc6601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Magda, G.Z.; Pető, J.; Dobrik, G.; Hwang, C.; Biró, L.P.; Tapasztó, L. Exfoliation of large-area transition metal chalcogenide single layers. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 14714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Heyl, M.; List-Kratochvil, E.J. Only gold can pull this off: Mechanical exfoliations of transition metal dichalcogenides beyond scotch tape. Appl. Phys. A 2023, 129, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, F.; Wu, W.; Bai, Y.; Chae, S.H.; Li, Q.; Wang, J.; Hone, J.; Zhu, X.Y. Disassembling 2D van der Waals crystals into macroscopic monolayers and reassembling into artificial lattices. Science 2020, 367, 903–906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haider, G.; Gastaldo, M.; Karim, B.; Plsek, J.; Varade, V.; Volochanskyi, O.; Vejpravová, J.; Kalbac, M. Highly efficient bulk-crystal-sized exfoliation of 2D materials under ultrahigh vacuum. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2024, 6, 2301–2308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grubišić-Čabo, A.; Michiardi, M.; Sanders, C.E.; Bianchi, M.; Curcio, D.; Phuyal, D.; Berntsen, M.H.; Guo, Q.; Dendzik, M. In Situ Exfoliation Method of Large-Area 2D Materials. Adv. Sci. 2023, 10, 2301243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Velický, M.; Donnelly, G.E.; Hendren, W.R.; DeBenedetti, W.J.I.; Hines, M.A.; Novoselov, K.S.; Abruña, H.D.; Huang, F.; Frank, O. The intricate love affairs between MoS2 and metallic substrates. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 7, 2001324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnston, A.C.; Khondaker, S.I. Can metals other than au be used for large area exfoliation of MoS2 monolayers? Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 9, 2200106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pirker, L.; Honolka, J.; Velický, M.; Frank, O. When 2D materials meet metals. 2D Mater. 2024, 11, 022003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodríguez, Á.; Çakıroğlu, O.; Li, H.; Carrascoso, F.; Mompean, F.; Garcia-Hernandez, M.; Munuera, C.; Castellanos-Gomez, A. Improved strain transfer efficiency in large-area two-dimensional MoS2 obtained by gold-assisted exfoliation. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2024, 15, 6355–6362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, F.; Liu, Z.; Hawthorne, N.; Chandross, M.; Moore, Q.; Argibay, N.; Curry, J.F.; Batteas, J.D. Formation of coherent 1H–1T heterostructures in single-layer MoS2 on Au (111). ACS Nano 2020, 14, 16939–16950. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, K.; Luo, P.; Han, W.; Yang, S.; Zhou, S.; Li, H.; Zhai, T. Approaching ohmic contact to two-dimensional semiconductors. Sci. Bull. 2019, 64, 1426–1435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shen, P.-C.; Su, C.; Lin, Y.; Chou, A.-S.; Cheng, C.-C.; Park, J.-H.; Chiu, M.-H.; Lu, A.-Y.; Tang, H.-L.; Tavakoli, M.M.; et al. Ultralow contact resistance between semimetal and monolayer semiconductors. Nature 2021, 593, 211–217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sahu, S.; Haider, G.; Rodriguez, A.; Plšek, J.; Mergl, M.; Kalbáč, M.; Frank, O.; Velický, M. Large-area mechanically-exfoliated two-dimensional materials on arbitrary substrates. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023, 8, 2201993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, K.; Wang, H.; Yang, M.; Liu, L.; Sun, Z.; Hu, G.; Song, Y.; Han, X.; Guo, J.; Wu, K.; et al. Gold-template-assisted mechanical exfoliation of large-area 2D layers enables efficient and precise construction of moiré superlattices. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2313511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Ren, L.; Wang, S.; Huang, X.; Li, Q.; Lu, Z.; Ding, S.; Deng, H.; Chen, P.; Lin, J.; et al. Dry exfoliation of large-area 2D monolayer and heterostructure arrays. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 13839–13846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, V.; Gramling, H.; Towle, C.; Li, W.; Lien, D.-H.; Kim, H.; Chrzan, D.C.; Javey, A.; Xu, K.; Ager, J.; et al. Deterministic assembly of arrays of lithographically defined WS2 and MoS2 monolayer features directly from multilayer sources into van der Waals heterostructures. J. Micro Nano-Manuf. 2019, 7, 041006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, S.; Liu, C.; Li, Z.; Lu, Z.; Tao, Q.; Lu, D.; Chen, Y.; Tong, W.; Liu, L.; Li, W.; et al. Ag-assisted dry exfoliation of large-scale and continuous 2D monolayers. ACS Nano 2024, 18, 1195–1203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Satterthwaite, P.F.; Zhu, W.; Jastrzebska-Perfect, P.; Tang, M.; Spector, S.O.; Gao, H.; Kitadai, H.; Lu, A.-Y.; Tan, Q.; Tang, S.-Y.; et al. Van der Waals device integration beyond the limits of van der Waals forces using adhesive matrix transfer. Nat. Electron. 2024, 7, 17–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lü, B.; Chen, Y.; Ma, X.; Shi, Z.; Zhang, S.; Jia, Y.; Li, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, W.; et al. Wafer-Scale Growth and Transfer of high-quality MoS2 array by interface design for high-stability flexible photosensitive device. Adv. Sci. 2024, 2405050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heyl, M.; Burmeister, D.; Schultz, T.; Pallasch, S.; Ligorio, G.; Koch, N.; List-Kratochvil, E.J. Thermally activated gold-mediated transition metal dichalcogenide exfoliation and a unique gold-mediated transfer. Phys. Status Solidi RRL 2020, 14, 2000408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pollmann, E.; Sleziona, S.; Foller, T.; Hagemann, U.; Gorynski, C.; Petri, O.; Madauß, L.; Breuer, L.; Schleberger, M. Large-area, two-dimensional MoS2 exfoliated on gold: Direct experimental access to the metal–semiconductor interface. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 15929–15939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Mu, W.; Bai, W.; Sun, X.; Zhao, M.; Zhang, Z.; Shan, F.; Yang, Z. Advanced tape-exfoliated method for preparing large-area 2D monolayers: A review. 2D Mater. 2021, 8, 032002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.; Zhang, Q.; Yap, C.C.R.; Tay, B.K.; Edwin, T.H.T.; Olivier, A.; Baillargeat, D. From bulk to monolayer MoS2: Evolution of Raman scattering. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 1385–1390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Juo, J.Y.; Kern, K.; Jung, S.J. Investigation of interface interactions between monolayer MoS2 and metals: Implications on strain and surface roughness. Langmuir 2024, 40, 1277–1285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pushkarna, I.; Pásztor, Á.; Renner, C. Twist-angle-dependent electronic properties of exfoliated single layer MoS2 on Au (111). Nano Lett. 2023, 23, 9406–9412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tumino, F.; Casari, C.S.; Passoni, M.; Russo, V.; Bassi, A.L. Pulsed laser deposition of single-layer MoS2 on Au(111): From nanosized crystals to large-area films. Nanoscale Adv. 2019, 1, 643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chhowalla, M.; Shin, H.; Eda, G.; Li, L.-J.; Loh, K.P.; Zhang, H. The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 263–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chen, S.; Li, B.; Dai, C.; Zhu, L.; Shen, Y.; Liu, F.; Deng, S.; Ming, F. Controlling Gold-Assisted Exfoliation of Large-Area MoS2 Monolayers with External Pressure. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171418
Chen S, Li B, Dai C, Zhu L, Shen Y, Liu F, Deng S, Ming F. Controlling Gold-Assisted Exfoliation of Large-Area MoS2 Monolayers with External Pressure. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(17):1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171418
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Sikai, Bingrui Li, Chaoqi Dai, Lemei Zhu, Yan Shen, Fei Liu, Shaozhi Deng, and Fangfei Ming. 2024. "Controlling Gold-Assisted Exfoliation of Large-Area MoS2 Monolayers with External Pressure" Nanomaterials 14, no. 17: 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171418
APA StyleChen, S., Li, B., Dai, C., Zhu, L., Shen, Y., Liu, F., Deng, S., & Ming, F. (2024). Controlling Gold-Assisted Exfoliation of Large-Area MoS2 Monolayers with External Pressure. Nanomaterials, 14(17), 1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171418