Synthesis and Characterization of PdAgNi/C Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Physical Characterization
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.2. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.4. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
3.5. Electrochemical Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | C (mg) | PdCl2 (mg) | NiCl2 (mg) | AgNO3 (mg) | Metal Wt. % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pd/C | 132 | 30 | 12 | ||
PdAgNi/C | 132 | 11.7 | 8.5 | 11.2 | 12 |
Pd4Ag2Ni1/C | 132 | 18.3 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 12 |
Ag/C | 132 | 40 | 12 | ||
Ni/C | 132 | 28.3 | 12 |
Catalyst | Acc. Voltage | Pd | Ni | Ag | Tot. Metal Wt. % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wt. % * | At. % ** | Wt. % | At. % | Wt. % | At. % | |||
Pd4Ag2Ni1/C | 10 kV | 7.89 | 1.02 | 1.64 | 0.38 | 1.98 | 0.25 | 11.51 |
20 kV | 8.28 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 0.26 | 3.26 | 0.42 | 12.46 | |
PdAgNi/C | 10 kV | 6.47 | 0.88 | 7.68 | 1.90 | 3.39 | 0.46 | 17.54 |
20 kV | 6.92 | 0.94 | 5.04 | 1.24 | 4.10 | 0.55 | 16.06 |
Catalyst | C At. % | O at. % | Pd at. % | Ag at. % | Ni at. % | Pd:Ag:Ni Ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pd0 | Pd2+ | Ni0 | Ni2+ | |||||
Pd/C | 96.13 | 1.78 | 1.63 | 0.45 | ||||
Pd4Ag2Ni1/C | 93.91 | 3.14 | 1.59 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.73 | 4:1:2 |
PdAgNi/C | 92.15 | 4.69 | 0.64 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0 | 2.01 | 2.7: 1:6.7 |
Catalyst | ECSA (cm2/mg) | Eonset (mV) vs. NHE | jp (A/mgPd) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pd/C | 1350 | −390 | 1.8 | This work |
PdAgNi/C | 1500 | −500 | 2.7 | |
Pd4Ag2Ni1/C | 1618 | −500 | 2.3 | |
Pd/C | 549 | −150 | 0.5 | [54] |
Pd83Ni17 | 375 | −250 | 1.1 | |
PdNi | 209 | −260 | 1.45 | [29] |
Pd | 135 | −209 | 0.8 | |
Pd1Au1/C | 1320 | −260 | 12 | [68] |
Pd/C | −260 | 0.75 | ||
Pd2Sn2Ag1/C | 243 | −360 | 0.8 | [42] |
Pd2Sn2Ni1/C | 209 | −330 | 0.4 | |
Pd2Sn2Co1/C | 212 | −300 | 0.35 | |
PdAgCu | 506 | −360 | 4.56 | [43] |
Pd/C | −350 | 1.47 | [21] | |
Pt/C | −400 | 0.65 |
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Elsheikh, A.; McGregor, J. Synthesis and Characterization of PdAgNi/C Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092244
Elsheikh A, McGregor J. Synthesis and Characterization of PdAgNi/C Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(9):2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092244
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsheikh, Ahmed, and James McGregor. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of PdAgNi/C Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation" Nanomaterials 11, no. 9: 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092244