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Nanomaterials
Volume 11
Issue 2
10.3390/nano11020307
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Article

Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery

by
Caroline Keller
1,2,
Antoine Desrues
3,
Saravanan Karuppiah
1,2,
Eléa Martin
1,
John P. Alper
2,3,
Florent Boismain
3,
Claire Villevieille
1,
Nathalie Herlin-Boime
3,
Cédric Haon
2 and
Pascale Chenevier
1,*
1
CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
2
CEA, LITEN, DEHT, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
3
CEA, CNRS, IRAMIS, NIMBE, LEDNA, University Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020307
Submission received: 23 December 2020 / Revised: 18 January 2021 / Accepted: 21 January 2021 / Published: 25 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silica and Silicon Based Nanostructures)
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Abstract

Silicon is a promising material for high-energy anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. The gain in specific capacity depends highly on the quality of the Si dispersion and on the size and shape of the nano-silicon. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the size/shape of Si on the electrochemical performance of conventional Li-ion batteries. The scalable synthesis processes of both nanoparticles and nanowires in the 10–100 nm size range are discussed. In cycling lithium batteries, the initial specific capacity is significantly higher for nanoparticles than for nanowires. We demonstrate a linear correlation of the first Coulombic efficiency with the specific area of the Si materials. In long-term cycling tests, the electrochemical performance of the nanoparticles fades faster due to an increased internal resistance, whereas the smallest nanowires show an impressive cycling stability. Finally, the reversibility of the electrochemical processes is found to be highly dependent on the size/shape of the Si particles and its impact on lithiation depth, formation of crystalline Li15Si4 in cycling, and Li transport pathways.
Keywords: silicon nanoparticles; silicon nanowires; synthesis; high energy density; lithium-ion batteries; high-capacity anode; VLS; laser pyrolysis; size effect; shape effect silicon nanoparticles; silicon nanowires; synthesis; high energy density; lithium-ion batteries; high-capacity anode; VLS; laser pyrolysis; size effect; shape effect
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MDPI and ACS Style

Keller, C.; Desrues, A.; Karuppiah, S.; Martin, E.; Alper, J.P.; Boismain, F.; Villevieille, C.; Herlin-Boime, N.; Haon, C.; Chenevier, P. Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020307

AMA Style

Keller C, Desrues A, Karuppiah S, Martin E, Alper JP, Boismain F, Villevieille C, Herlin-Boime N, Haon C, Chenevier P. Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(2):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keller, Caroline, Antoine Desrues, Saravanan Karuppiah, Eléa Martin, John P. Alper, Florent Boismain, Claire Villevieille, Nathalie Herlin-Boime, Cédric Haon, and Pascale Chenevier. 2021. "Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery" Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020307

APA Style

Keller, C., Desrues, A., Karuppiah, S., Martin, E., Alper, J. P., Boismain, F., Villevieille, C., Herlin-Boime, N., Haon, C., & Chenevier, P. (2021). Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery. Nanomaterials, 11(2), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020307

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