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Nanomaterials
Volume 11
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10.3390/nano11020284
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Article

Engineering Red-Enhanced and Biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles

by
Masfer Alkahtani
1,2,*,
Najla Alsofyani
1,
Anfal Alfahd
1,
Anas A. Almuqhim
1,
Fahad A. Almughem
3,
Abdullah A. Alshehri
3,
Hussam Qasem
1 and
Philip R. Hemmer
2,4,5
1
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
2
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
3
National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
5
FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Sibirsky Tract, 10/7, 420029 Kazan, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020284
Submission received: 6 December 2020 / Revised: 14 January 2021 / Accepted: 19 January 2021 / Published: 22 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale and Sub-Nanoscale Applications of New Fluorescent Materials)
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Abstract

The exceptional optical properties of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) make them among the best fluorescent markers for many promising bioapplications. To fully utilize the unique advantages of the UCNPs for bioapplications, recent significant efforts have been put into improving the brightness of small UCNPs crystals by optimizing dopant concentrations and utilizing the addition of inert shells to avoid surface quenching effects. In this work, we engineered bright and small size upconversion nanoparticles in a core–shell–shell (CSS) structure. The emission of the synthesized CSS UCNPs is enhanced in the biological transparency window under biocompatible excitation wavelength by optimizing dopant ion concentrations. We also investigated the biosafety of the synthesized CSS UCNP particles in living cell models to ensure bright and non-toxic fluorescent probes for promising bioapplications.
Keywords: upconversion nanoparticles; red-enhanced fluorescent markers; bioimaging; bioapplication upconversion nanoparticles; red-enhanced fluorescent markers; bioimaging; bioapplication

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alkahtani, M.; Alsofyani, N.; Alfahd, A.; Almuqhim, A.A.; Almughem, F.A.; Alshehri, A.A.; Qasem, H.; Hemmer, P.R. Engineering Red-Enhanced and Biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020284

AMA Style

Alkahtani M, Alsofyani N, Alfahd A, Almuqhim AA, Almughem FA, Alshehri AA, Qasem H, Hemmer PR. Engineering Red-Enhanced and Biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(2):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alkahtani, Masfer, Najla Alsofyani, Anfal Alfahd, Anas A. Almuqhim, Fahad A. Almughem, Abdullah A. Alshehri, Hussam Qasem, and Philip R. Hemmer. 2021. "Engineering Red-Enhanced and Biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020284

APA Style

Alkahtani, M., Alsofyani, N., Alfahd, A., Almuqhim, A. A., Almughem, F. A., Alshehri, A. A., Qasem, H., & Hemmer, P. R. (2021). Engineering Red-Enhanced and Biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11(2), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020284

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