Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
- (1)
- RelyX luting cement (3M, St Paul, MN, USA) (referred to as “Commercial control”) (Table 1);
- (2)
- 55% PEHB + 45% glass fillers (referred to as “Experimental control”) (Table 2);
- (3)
- 55% PEHB + 20% glass fillers + 25% NACP + 0% DMAHDM (referred to as “Glass + NACP + 0% DMAHDM”) (Table 2);
- (4)
- 52% PEHB + 20% glass fillers + 25% NACP + 3% DMAHDM (referred to as “Glass + NACP + 3% DMAHDM”) (Table 3);
- (5)
- 51% PEHB + 20% glass fillers + 25% NACP + 4% DMAHDM (referred to as “Glass + NACP + 4% DMAHDM”) (Table 4);
- (6)
- 50% PEHB + 20% glass fillers + 25% NACP + 5% DMAHDM (referred to as “Glass + NACP + 5% DMAHDM”) (Table 5).
- Formula A contains 4.85% BisGMA;
- Formula B contains 5% BisGMA;
- Formula C contains 6% BisGMA.
2.2. Synthesis of DMAHDM Monomer and NACP Fillers
2.3. Characterization of NACP
2.4. Dentin Shear Bond. Strength Testing
2.5. Flexural Strength and Elastic Modulus
2.6. Film Thickness
2.7. Measurement of Initial Calcium and Phosphate Ions Release
2.8. S. mutans Biofilm Model
2.8.1. Sample Preparation
2.8.2. S. mutans Biofilm Formation
2.8.3. Colony-Forming Unit Counts
2.8.4. Live/Dead Staining of Biofilms
2.8.5. MTT Assay for Quantification of Metabolic Activity of Biofilms
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of NACP
3.2. Dentin Shear Bond. Strength
3.3. Flexural Strength
3.4. Film Thickness
3.5. Initial Calcium and Phosphate Ion. Release
3.5.1. Colony-Forming Unit Counts of S. mutans Biofilm
3.5.2. MTT Assay of Metabolic Activity of S. mutans Biofilms
3.5.3. Live/Dead Staining of S. mutans Biofilms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Powder | Liquid |
---|---|
Fluoroaluminosilicate (FAS) glass Potassium persulfate Ascorbic acid Opacifying agent | Methacrylated polycarboxylic acid Water Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) Tartaric acid |
Part A Part B | |||
Chemical | Weight% | Chemical | Weight% |
Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) | 2% | Benzoyl thiourea (BTU) | 1% |
2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) | 0.05% | Camphorquinone (CQ) | 0.4% |
Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) | 87.95% | Ethyl-4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate (4E) | 1.6% |
HEMA | 10% | Ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) | 77% |
Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) | 10% | ||
HEMA | 10% |
Part A Part B | |||
Chemical | Weight% | Chemical | Weight% |
CHP | 2% | BTU | 1% |
BHT | 0.05% | CQ | 0.4% |
PMGDM | 81.5% | 4E | 1.6% |
HEMA | 16.45% | EBPADMA | 70.55% |
BisGMA | 12% | ||
DMAHDM HEMA | 10.9% 3.55% |
Part A Part B | |||
Chemical | Weight% | Chemical | Weight% |
CHP | 2% | BTU | 1% |
BHT | 0.05% | CQ | 0.4% |
PMGDM | 79.68% | 4E | 1.6% |
HEMA | 14.72% | EBPADMA | 65.18% |
EBPADMA | 3.55% | BisGMA | 12% |
DMAHDM HEMA | 14.54% 5.28% |
Part A Part B | |||
Chemical | Weight% | Chemical | Weight% |
CHP | 2% | BTU | 1% |
BHT | 0.05% | CQ | 0.4% |
PMGDM | 77.95% | 4E | 1.6% |
HEMA | 16.45% | EBPADMA | 63.45% |
EBPADMA | 3.55% | BisGMA | 12% |
DMAHDM HEMA | 18% 3.55% |
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AlSahafi, R.; Balhaddad, A.A.; Mitwalli, H.; Ibrahim, M.S.; Melo, M.A.S.; Oates, T.W.; Xu, H.H.K.; Weir, M.D. Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102001
AlSahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Ibrahim MS, Melo MAS, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Weir MD. Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(10):2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102001
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlSahafi, Rashed, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Heba Mitwalli, Maria Salem Ibrahim, Mary Anne S. Melo, Thomas W. Oates, Hockin H.K. Xu, and Michael D. Weir. 2020. "Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 10, no. 10: 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102001