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Article

Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins—Do We Have a Winner?

by
Veaceslav Saramet
1,
Miruna S. Stan
2,*,
Alexandra Ripszky Totan
3,4,
Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
1,*,
Bianca Voicu-Balasea
4,
Dan Sebastian Enasescu
3,
Florentina Rus-Hrincu
3 and
Marina Imre
1
1
Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
4
The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(6), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060147
Submission received: 22 April 2024 / Revised: 23 May 2024 / Accepted: 24 May 2024 / Published: 28 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Dental Biomaterials)
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Abstract

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques are based on either subtractive (milling prefabricated blocks) or additive (3D printing) methods, and both are used for obtaining dentistry materials. Our in vitro study aimed to investigate the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to methacrylate (MA)-based CAD/CAM milled samples in comparison with that of MA-based 3D-printed samples to better elucidate the mechanisms of cell adaptability and survival. The proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was measured after 2 and 24 h of incubation in the presence of these samples using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the membrane integrity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of reactive oxygen species, expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-I, and detection of GSH and caspase 3/7 were evaluated by fluorescence staining. The MMP-2 levels were measured using a Milliplex MAP kit. The incubation with MA-based 3D-printed samples significantly reduced the viability, by 16% and 28% from control after 2 and 24 h, respectively. There was a 25% and 55% decrease in the GSH level from control after 24 h of incubation with the CAD/CAM milled and 3D-printed samples, respectively. In addition, higher levels of LC3B-I and MMP-2 were obtained after 24 h of incubation with the MA-based 3D samples compared to the CAD/CAM milled ones. Therefore, our results outline that the MA-CAD/CAM milled samples displayed good biocompatibility during 24-h exposure, while MA-3D resins are proper for short-term utilization (less than 24 h).
Keywords: methacrylate-based dental resins; computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM); additive manufacturing (3D printing); autophagy; biocompatibility methacrylate-based dental resins; computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM); additive manufacturing (3D printing); autophagy; biocompatibility

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saramet, V.; Stan, M.S.; Ripszky Totan, A.; Țâncu, A.M.C.; Voicu-Balasea, B.; Enasescu, D.S.; Rus-Hrincu, F.; Imre, M. Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins—Do We Have a Winner? J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15, 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060147

AMA Style

Saramet V, Stan MS, Ripszky Totan A, Țâncu AMC, Voicu-Balasea B, Enasescu DS, Rus-Hrincu F, Imre M. Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins—Do We Have a Winner? Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2024; 15(6):147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060147

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saramet, Veaceslav, Miruna S. Stan, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu, Bianca Voicu-Balasea, Dan Sebastian Enasescu, Florentina Rus-Hrincu, and Marina Imre. 2024. "Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins—Do We Have a Winner?" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 6: 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060147

APA Style

Saramet, V., Stan, M. S., Ripszky Totan, A., Țâncu, A. M. C., Voicu-Balasea, B., Enasescu, D. S., Rus-Hrincu, F., & Imre, M. (2024). Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins—Do We Have a Winner? Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 15(6), 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060147

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