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Article

Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants

by
Laura Andze
1,2,*,
Vadims Nefjodovs
2,3,
Martins Andzs
1,
Marite Skute
1,
Juris Zoldners
1,
Martins Kapickis
3,
Arita Dubnika
4,5,
Janis Locs
4,5 and
Janis Vetra
2
1
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
2
Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
3
Microsurgery Centre of Latvia, Brivibas Gatve 410, LV-1024 Riga, Latvia
4
Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
5
Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(10), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100287
Submission received: 31 May 2024 / Revised: 12 September 2024 / Accepted: 19 September 2024 / Published: 28 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Bone Biomaterials)
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to perform treatment of juniper wood to obtain wood material with a density and mechanical properties comparable to bone, thus producing a potential material for use in osteosynthesis bone implants. In the first step, partial delignification of wood sample was obtained by Kraft cooking. The second step was extraction with ethanol, ethanol–water mixture, saline, and water to prevent the release of soluble compounds and increase biocompatibility. In the last step, the thermal densification at 100 °C for 24 h was implemented. The results obtained in the dry state are equivalent to the properties of bone. The swelling of chemically pre-treated densified wood was reduced compared to chemically untreated densified wood. Samples showed no cytotoxicity by in vitro cell assays. The results of the study showed that it is possible to obtain noncytotoxic wood samples with mechanical properties equivalent to bones by partial delignification, extraction, and densification. However, further research is needed to ensure the material’s shape stability, water resistance, and reduced swelling.
Keywords: juniper wood; chemical pretreatment; kraft cooking; partial delignification; compressed solid wood; wood densification; wood bone implants; in vitro juniper wood; chemical pretreatment; kraft cooking; partial delignification; compressed solid wood; wood densification; wood bone implants; in vitro

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MDPI and ACS Style

Andze, L.; Nefjodovs, V.; Andzs, M.; Skute, M.; Zoldners, J.; Kapickis, M.; Dubnika, A.; Locs, J.; Vetra, J. Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants. J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15, 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100287

AMA Style

Andze L, Nefjodovs V, Andzs M, Skute M, Zoldners J, Kapickis M, Dubnika A, Locs J, Vetra J. Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2024; 15(10):287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100287

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andze, Laura, Vadims Nefjodovs, Martins Andzs, Marite Skute, Juris Zoldners, Martins Kapickis, Arita Dubnika, Janis Locs, and Janis Vetra. 2024. "Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 10: 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100287

APA Style

Andze, L., Nefjodovs, V., Andzs, M., Skute, M., Zoldners, J., Kapickis, M., Dubnika, A., Locs, J., & Vetra, J. (2024). Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 15(10), 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100287

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