Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
AR in K-12 Education
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. AR Application for the 5th Grade of Primary School
Description of Experiments
3.2. AR Application for the 6th Grade of Primary School
Description of Experiments
3.3. AR Application for the 1st Grade of Secondary School
Description of Experiments
4. Evaluation
4.1. Participants
4.2. Procudures
- Firstly, there was a preparation phase where either the teachers for their pupils or the university students for themselves installed the AR application on the available mobile devices.
- After that, teachers, with the role of the instructor, gave an introductory stimulus to the pupils related to the experiment in order to be prepared for the experiment (this step refers only to teachers and pupils).
- Then, the experiment took place, where the teachers and the pupils evaluated only the AR application that referred to their grade, whereas the university students evaluated all three AR applications. The analytical steps of the experiment were:
- The selection of the activity, which was in accordance with the current school curriculum; therefore, the flow inside the class was not disturbed;
- Scanning the QR code;
- Conducting the experiment;
- Discussion of the results and the conclusions between the pupils and the teachers, who had the role of instructors (similar to step 2, it refers only to teachers and pupils).
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
7. Limitations and Future Work
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AR Application for the 5th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 6th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 1st Grade of Secondary School | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Teachers | 7 | 6 | 2 | 15 |
Pupils | 95 | 66 | 28 | 189 |
Comp. Science Students * | 103 | 78 | 98 | 110 |
Total | 205 | 150 | 128 |
AR Application for the 5th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 6th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 1st Grade of Secondary School | |
---|---|---|---|
Teachers | 75.00 (SD 9.57) | 76.67 (SD 10.68) | 93.75 (SD 5.30) |
Pupils | 77.40 (SD 12.23) | 75.90 (SD 10.50) | 73.66 (SD 12.31) |
Comp. Science Students | 73.20 (SD 10.47) | 70.40 (SD 11.48) | 73.70 (SD 12.50) |
Total * | 75.19 (SD 11.44) | 73.08 (SD 11.30) | 74.00 (SD 12.57) |
Item | English Version of SUS | Pupil Responses Mean (Std) | Teacher Responses Mean (Std) | Comp. Science Students Mean (Std) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | I think that I would like to use this system frequently. | 4158 (0.829) | 3714 (1.113) | 3340 (0.903) |
Q2 | I found the system unnecessarily complex. | 1695 (0.826) | 1714 (0.756) | 2068 (0.770) |
Q3 | I thought that the system was easy to use. | 4274 (0.818) | 3857 (0.690) | 3699 (0.861) |
Q4 | I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this system. | 2168 (1.088) | 2857 (0.900) | 1699 (0.815) |
Q5 | I found that the various functions in this system were well integrated. | 4126 (0.747) | 4000 (0.577) | 3738 (0.740) |
Q6 | I thought that there was too much inconsistency in this system. | 2158 (1.223) | 1857 (1.069) | 2000 (0.754) |
Q7 | I would imagine that most people would learn to use this system very quickly. | 4305 (0.851) | 4286 (0.488) | 4165 (0.742) |
Q8 | I found the system very cumbersome to use. | 1600 (0.961) | 1857 (0.690) | 1990 (0.880) |
Q9 | I felt very confident using the system. | 3937 (1.060) | 4429 (0.787) | 3660 (0.847) |
Q10 | I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this system. | 2221 (1.239) | 2000 (0.577) | 1573 (0.651) |
Item | English Version of SUS | Pupil Responses Mean (Std) | Teacher Responses Mean (Std) | Comp. Science Students Mean (Std) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | I think that I would like to use this system frequently. | 3500 (1.056) | 4333 (0.516) | 3256 (0.918) |
Q2 | I found the system unnecessarily complex. | 1667 (0.883) | 2000 (0.632) | 2218 (0.816) |
Q3 | I thought that the system was easy to use. | 4242 (0.993) | 4500 (0.548) | 3615 (0.871) |
Q4 | I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this system. | 2091 (0.956) | 2833 (1.169) | 1859 (0.864) |
Q5 | I found that the various functions in this system were well integrated. | 3939 (0.802) | 4000 (0.000) | 3667 (0.863) |
Q6 | I thought that there was too much inconsistency in this system. | 2273 (1.046) | 2000 (1.095) | 2218 (1.028) |
Q7 | I would imagine that most people would learn to use this system very quickly. | 4242 (0.842) | 4167 (0.408) | 4026 (0.772) |
Q8 | I found the system very cumbersome to use. | 1530 (0.728) | 2000 (1.549) | 2064 (0.902) |
Q9 | I felt very confident using the system. | 3712 (0.957) | 4167 (0.753) | 3500 (0.834) |
Q10 | I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this system. | 1712 (0.924) | 1667 (0.816) | 1538 (0.733) |
Item | English Version of SUS | Pupil Responses Mean (Std) | Teacher Responses Mean (Std) | Comp. Science Students Mean (Std) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | I think that I would like to use this system frequently. | 3571 (1.289) | 4500 (0.707) | 3582 (1.045) |
Q2 | I found the system unnecessarily complex. | 1893 (1.031) | 1000 (0.000) | 2061 (0.859) |
Q3 | I thought that the system was easy to use. | 4250 (0.887) | 5000 (0.000) | 3806 (0.821) |
Q4 | I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this system. | 2000 (1.186) | 1000 (0.000) | 1745 (0.912) |
Q5 | I found that the various functions in this system were well integrated. | 3786 (0.995) | 5000 (0.000) | 3847 (0.765) |
Q6 | I thought that there was too much inconsistency in this system. | 2321 (1.156) | 1000 (0.000) | 2082 (0.893) |
Q7 | I would imagine that most people would learn to use this system very quickly. | 4000 (1.054) | 4500 (0.707) | 4051 (0.866) |
Q8 | I found the system very cumbersome to use. | 1500 (0.745) | 1000 (0.000) | 2000 (0.885) |
Q9 | I felt very confident using the system. | 3750 (0.928) | 4000 (0.000) | 3755 (0.838) |
Q10 | I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going with this system. | 2179 (1.307) | 1500 (0.707) | 1673 (0.822) |
AR Application for the 5th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 6th Grade of Primary School | AR Application for the 1st Grade of Secondary School | |
---|---|---|---|
Teachers | 4.40 (SD 0.53) | 4.70 (SD 0.51) | 5.00 (SD 0.00) |
Pupils | 4.20 (SD 0.88) | 3.90 (SD 0.69) | 3.80 (SD 0.93) |
Comp. Science Students | 4.00 (SD 0.84) | 4.10 (SD 0.77) | 4.30 (SD 0.71) |
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Volioti, C.; Keramopoulos, E.; Sapounidis, T.; Melisidis, K.; Zafeiropoulou, M.; Sotiriou, C.; Spiridis, V. Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics. Information 2022, 13, 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070336
Volioti C, Keramopoulos E, Sapounidis T, Melisidis K, Zafeiropoulou M, Sotiriou C, Spiridis V. Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics. Information. 2022; 13(7):336. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070336
Chicago/Turabian StyleVolioti, Christina, Euclid Keramopoulos, Theodosios Sapounidis, Konstantinos Melisidis, Maria Zafeiropoulou, Charalampos Sotiriou, and Vladimiros Spiridis. 2022. "Using Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: An Indicative Platform for Teaching Physics" Information 13, no. 7: 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13070336