Intercomparison of Assimilated Coastal Wave Data in the Northwestern Pacific Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Wave Heights
3.2. Comparison under Various Conditions
3.3. Comparison of Wave Periods
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The accuracy of JMA analysis wave height is better than that of ERA5 wave height by incorporating the observation data near the coast.
- The accuracy of JMA analysis wave period is not better than that of ERA5 wave period.
- The ERA5 wave height is underestimated as higher wave heights.
- The accuracy of ERA5 wave height in the fetch-limited conditions is significantly lower than that in the fetch-unlimited conditions.
- The accuracy of ERA5 wave period in the fetch-limited conditions is also lower than that in the fetch-unlimited conditions, but this is not so robust as wave height.
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ERA5 | Fifth generation of European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate |
JMA | Japan Meteorological Agency |
ERA-Interim | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data interim version |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
CWM | Coastal wave model |
GWM | Global wave model |
OI | Optimal interpolation |
MRI | Meteorological Research Institute |
RMSD | Root mean squared difference |
SI | Scatter index |
CRMSD | Normalized centered root mean squared difference |
NSD | Normalized standard deviation |
Q-Q plot | Quantile-quantile plot |
Notations
ERA5 wave height. | |
GPS wave height. | |
JMA wave height. | |
ERA5 mean wave period. | |
ERA5 peak wave period. | |
GPS wave period. | |
JMA peak wave period. | |
JMA wind vector. | |
ERA5 wind vector. | |
, , , | Equation (1). |
Equation (1). | |
significant wave height by the zero-up-crossing method. | |
significant wave period by the zero-up-crossing method. | |
. | |
. | |
. | |
ratio of averages (Equation (2)). | |
RMSD (Equation (3)). | |
correlation coefficient (Equation (4)). | |
CRMSD (Equation (6)). | |
NSD (Equation (7)). | |
threshold of wave height. | |
number of comparisons. | |
effective sample size. |
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Buoy | Y | (m) | (m) | (m) | SI | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | 1.473 | 1.392 | 0.945 | 0.884 | 0.371 | 0.246 | 0.470 | 0.849 | 7197 | |
D | 1.473 | 1.497 | 1.016 | 0.927 | 0.290 | 0.196 | 0.376 | 0.961 | 7197 | |
E | 1.666 | 1.381 | 0.829 | 0.907 | 0.455 | 0.213 | 0.441 | 0.779 | 7179 | |
E | 1.666 | 1.600 | 0.960 | 0.946 | 0.269 | 0.156 | 0.324 | 0.954 | 7179 | |
F | 1.697 | 1.449 | 0.854 | 0.911 | 0.427 | 0.205 | 0.429 | 0.792 | 7124 | |
F | 1.697 | 1.669 | 0.983 | 0.944 | 0.271 | 0.159 | 0.332 | 0.966 | 7124 | |
G | 1.624 | 1.425 | 0.877 | 0.892 | 0.433 | 0.236 | 0.467 | 0.773 | 6842 | |
G | 1.624 | 1.642 | 1.011 | 0.939 | 0.284 | 0.174 | 0.345 | 0.953 | 6842 | |
J | 1.722 | 1.524 | 0.885 | 0.913 | 0.386 | 0.192 | 0.414 | 0.837 | 7184 | |
J | 1.722 | 1.657 | 0.962 | 0.921 | 0.320 | 0.182 | 0.391 | 0.964 | 7184 | |
K | 1.739 | 1.471 | 0.846 | 0.910 | 0.446 | 0.205 | 0.418 | 0.856 | 3847 | |
K | 1.739 | 1.683 | 0.968 | 0.883 | 0.410 | 0.233 | 0.475 | 0.950 | 3847 | |
L | 1.193 | 1.162 | 0.974 | 0.899 | 0.305 | 0.254 | 0.444 | 0.828 | 4344 | |
L | 1.193 | 1.516 | 1.270 | 0.915 | 0.441 | 0.252 | 0.440 | 1.091 | 4344 | |
O | 1.341 | 1.247 | 0.930 | 0.904 | 0.343 | 0.246 | 0.429 | 0.865 | 5263 | |
O | 1.341 | 1.306 | 0.974 | 0.910 | 0.335 | 0.249 | 0.433 | 1.038 | 5263 | |
P | 1.408 | 1.433 | 1.017 | 0.918 | 0.346 | 0.245 | 0.400 | 0.866 | 5637 | |
P | 1.408 | 1.552 | 1.102 | 0.928 | 0.358 | 0.233 | 0.380 | 1.001 | 5637 | |
Q | 1.608 | 1.482 | 0.922 | 0.892 | 0.441 | 0.263 | 0.459 | 0.813 | 3794 | |
Q | 1.608 | 1.633 | 1.015 | 0.933 | 0.333 | 0.206 | 0.360 | 0.955 | 3794 | |
Total | 1.560 | 1.402 | 0.899 | 0.899 | 0.400 | 0.236 | 0.445 | 0.815 | 58,411 | |
Total | 1.560 | 1.578 | 1.012 | 0.921 | 0.325 | 0.208 | 0.393 | 0.966 | 58,411 |
Buoy | Case | (m) | (m) | (m) | SI | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | U | 1.537 | 1.309 | 0.852 | 0.939 | 0.399 | 0.213 | 0.389 * | 0.755 | 3656 |
D | F | 1.438 | 1.451 | 1.009 | 0.875 | 0.343 | 0.238 | 0.489 | 0.939 * | 5752 |
E | U | 1.668 | 1.287 | 0.772 | 0.938 | 0.516 | 0.209 | 0.418 * | 0.704 | 4380 |
E | F | 1.722 | 1.482 | 0.860 | 0.896 | 0.434 | 0.209 | 0.452 | 0.816 * | 5667 |
F | U | 1.693 | 1.383 | 0.817 | 0.944 | 0.452 | 0.194 | 0.388 * | 0.740 | 4003 |
F | F | 1.740 | 1.518 | 0.872 | 0.895 | 0.432 | 0.213 | 0.454 | 0.812 * | 5985 |
G | U | 1.741 | 1.424 | 0.818 | 0.941 | 0.466 | 0.197 | 0.392 * | 0.743 | 3163 |
G | F | 1.597 | 1.448 | 0.907 | 0.873 | 0.429 | 0.252 | 0.494 | 0.790 * | 6254 |
J | U | 1.803 | 1.517 | 0.841 | 0.933 | 0.424 | 0.173 | 0.382 * | 0.806 | 4251 |
J | F | 1.712 | 1.546 | 0.903 | 0.902 | 0.387 | 0.204 | 0.435 | 0.854 * | 5816 |
K | U | 1.482 | 1.302 | 0.878 | 0.929 | 0.375 | 0.222 | 0.377 ** | 0.854 | 2698 |
K | F | 1.948 | 1.586 | 0.814 | 0.898 | 0.504 | 0.180 | 0.440 | 0.878 | 4048 |
L | U | 1.193 | 1.062 | 0.891 | 0.951 | 0.312 | 0.237 | 0.363 * | 0.760 | 1858 |
L | F | 1.198 | 1.212 | 1.012 | 0.887 | 0.311 | 0.260 | 0.463 | 0.852 * | 3216 |
O | U | 1.410 | 1.250 | 0.886 | 0.939 | 0.372 | 0.238 | 0.378 * | 0.783 | 2697 |
O | F | 1.331 | 1.228 | 0.923 | 0.872 | 0.355 | 0.255 | 0.491 | 0.913 * | 4284 |
P | U | 1.400 | 1.428 | 1.020 | 0.936 | 0.335 | 0.238 | 0.361 * | 0.852 | 2115 |
P | F | 1.413 | 1.436 | 1.016 | 0.905 | 0.352 | 0.249 | 0.426 | 0.877 | 3522 |
Q | U | 1.618 | 1.402 | 0.867 | 0.932 | 0.423 | 0.225 | 0.389 * | 0.794 | 2542 |
Q | F | 1.543 | 1.468 | 0.951 | 0.861 | 0.452 | 0.289 | 0.511 | 0.809 | 3706 |
Total | U | 1.593 | 1.350 | 0.848 | 0.931 | 0.424 | 0.218 | 0.398 | 0.772 | 31363 |
Total | F | 1.586 | 1.450 | 0.914 | 0.882 | 0.406 | 0.241 | 0.474 | 0.833 | 48250 |
Y | Case | (s) | (s) | (s) | SI | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | 7.301 | 8.910 | 1.220 | 0.671 | 2.376 | 0.239 | 1.019 | 1.370 | 58,411 | |
T | 7.301 | 8.702 | 1.192 | 0.610 | 2.216 | 0.235 | 1.000 | 1.221 | 58,411 | |
T | 7.301 | 7.320 | 1.003 | 0.800 | 1.038 | 0.142 | 0.605 | 0.872 | 58,411 | |
U | 7.503 | 7.540 | 1.005 | 0.801 | 0.979 | 0.130 | 0.606 | 0.897 | 32,044 | |
F | 7.190 | 7.150 | 0.994 | 0.792 | 1.093 | 0.152 | 0.612 | 0.833 | 47,561 |
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Hisaki, Y. Intercomparison of Assimilated Coastal Wave Data in the Northwestern Pacific Area. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080579
Hisaki Y. Intercomparison of Assimilated Coastal Wave Data in the Northwestern Pacific Area. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8(8):579. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080579
Chicago/Turabian StyleHisaki, Yukiharu. 2020. "Intercomparison of Assimilated Coastal Wave Data in the Northwestern Pacific Area" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8: 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080579