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Article

A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms

by
Iracema del P. Angulo-Fernández
1,
Javier Bello-Pineda
2,
J. Alejandro Vásquez-Santacruz
1,3,
Rogelio de J. Portillo-Vélez
1,3,
Pedro J. García-Ramírez
4 and
Luis F. Marín-Urías
1,3,*
1
Faculty in the Civil and Environmental Engineering, Veracruzana University, Boca del Rio 94294, Veracruz, Mexico
2
Institute of Marine and Fishery Sciences Studies, Veracruzana University, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico
3
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Veracruzana University, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico
4
Institute of Engineering, Veracruzana University, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308
Submission received: 29 May 2025 / Revised: 29 June 2025 / Accepted: 1 July 2025 / Published: 6 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Abstract

Enhancement and restoration algorithms are widely used in the exploration of coral reefs for improving underwater images. However, by selecting an improvement algorithm based on image quality metrics, image processing key factors such as the execution time are not considered. In response to this issue, herein is presented a novel method built on multicriteria decision analysis that evaluates the processing time and feature point increase with respect to the original image. To set the Decision Matrix (DM), both the processing time and keypoint increase criteria of the evaluated algorithms are normalized. The criteria weights in the DM are set in accordance with the application, and the quantitative metric used to select the best alternative is the highest Weighted Sum Method (WsuM) score. In this work, the DM of six scenarios is shown, since the setting of weights could completely change the decision. For this research’s target application of generating underwater photomosaics, the Dark Channel Prior (DCP) algorithm emerged as the most suitable under a weighting scheme of 75% for processing time and 25% for keypoint increase. This proposal represents a solution for evaluating improvement algorithms in applications where computational efficiency is critical.
Keywords: underwater image enhancement; underwater image restoration; image processing; Gulf of Mexico; feature points; photomosaic; coral reef; multicriteria decision analysis underwater image enhancement; underwater image restoration; image processing; Gulf of Mexico; feature points; photomosaic; coral reef; multicriteria decision analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Angulo-Fernández, I.d.P.; Bello-Pineda, J.; Vásquez-Santacruz, J.A.; Portillo-Vélez, R.d.J.; García-Ramírez, P.J.; Marín-Urías, L.F. A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308

AMA Style

Angulo-Fernández IdP, Bello-Pineda J, Vásquez-Santacruz JA, Portillo-Vélez RdJ, García-Ramírez PJ, Marín-Urías LF. A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(7):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angulo-Fernández, Iracema del P., Javier Bello-Pineda, J. Alejandro Vásquez-Santacruz, Rogelio de J. Portillo-Vélez, Pedro J. García-Ramírez, and Luis F. Marín-Urías. 2025. "A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 7: 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308

APA Style

Angulo-Fernández, I. d. P., Bello-Pineda, J., Vásquez-Santacruz, J. A., Portillo-Vélez, R. d. J., García-Ramírez, P. J., & Marín-Urías, L. F. (2025). A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(7), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308

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