Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Natural Gas in the Third Member of the Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Samples
3.2. Analytical Methods
4. Basic Conditions and Genesis of Natural Gas of the E3l Member in the Baodao Sag
4.1. Geochemical Characteristics of Natural Gas
4.1.1. Characteristics of Natural Gas Components
4.1.2. Characteristics of Carbon Isotopes in Natural Gas
4.2. Genesis of Natural Gas
5. Charging Time of Natural Gas in the E3l3 Member of the Baodao Sag
6. Characteristics and Model of Reservoir Formation in the Baodao Sag
6.1. Distribution of Natural Gas
6.2. Sedimentary Faces and Physical Properties of the Reservoir
6.3. Fault and Secondary Migration
6.4. Model of Reservoir Formation
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- The source rocks of the Yacheng formation in the Baodao sag are thick and have significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The northern step-fault zone has a low methane volume fraction of CH4, a high volume fraction of non-hydrocarbon gas, and a dryness coefficient generally greater than 0.90, indicating dry gas dominance. In contrast, the southern step-fault zone has a high hydrocarbon gas volume fraction in natural gas composition, exhibiting a mixture of dry and wet gases.
- (2)
- The accumulation of natural gas in the Baodao sag is controlled by multiple factors, such as the source rocks, tectonic activity, sedimentary evolution, and the types of transport systems. The thick source rocks of the Yacheng Formation are the main oil-generating layers. The reservoirs of the E3l are the main reservoir system in the Baodao sag. They are of braided river delta origin, dominated by feldspathic quartz, coarse-to-medium sandstones with medium-grained clastic particles. The high productivity was controlled by the medium-to-low porosity and medium-to-low permeability characteristics of these reservoirs.
- (3)
- There are certain differences in the natural gas reservoirs within the Baodao sag, and there are three stages of oil and gas injection in the north, developing a typical reservoir formation model, as follows: “multiple depressions generating hydrocarbons and controlling the source—large faults controlling continuous vertical migration—long lateral sand body convergence (T + Z-type migration)—multiple seal layers”. In contrast, two hydrocarbon charging events were found in the south, with a reservoir formation model as follows: “mixed hydrocarbon sources—large faults controlling continuous vertical migration—short lateral sand body convergence (Z-type migration)—multiple seal layers”.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tectonic Zones | Well | Depth/m | φ(C1)/% | φ(C2+)/% | φ(CO2)/% | φ(N2)/% | δ13C1/‰ | δ13C2/‰ | δ13C3/‰ | δ13C4/‰ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern step-fault zone | BD21-1-A | 4092.4~4154.0 | 66.54 | 6.05 | 27.14 | 0.38 | −39.53 | −28.42 | ||
BD21-1-B | 4268.5 | 60.65 | 9.47 | 28.99 | 2.32 | −39.09 | −29.76 | −27.62 | −26.39 | |
4479.5 | 69.82 | 14.11 | 15.89 | 0.43 | −40.16 | −30.42 | −26.67 | −25.81 | ||
BD21-1-C | 4218.5 | 41.38 | 8.54 | 48.83 | 0.06 | −40.95 | −28.81 | −25.82 | −24.96 | |
BD21-1-E | 3823.3 | 61.74 | 5.01 | 13.19 | 20.50 | −40.59 | −30.33 | −27.41 | ||
BD21-1-F | 4358.5~4369.0 | 36.89 | 4.31 | 58.81 | −40.79 | −30.32 | −27.13 | −25.21 | ||
4372.5~4386.0 | 37.14 | 3.49 | 29.37 | −40.92 | −28.54 | −27.19 | −25.73 | |||
4395.2~4403.0 | 37.71 | 3.60 | 58.68 | −41.10 | −29.25 | −27.19 | −25.75 | |||
Southern step-fault zone | YL10-6-A | 5066.0 | 72.89 | 24.75 | −37.45 | −28.18 | −26.24 | |||
5139.1 | 86.37 | 6.36 | 7.26 | −39.33 | −29.47 | |||||
YL10-6-B | 5144.9 | 94.03 | 4.51 | 1.46 | −40.05 | −29.87 | ||||
5150.0 | 94.42 | 4.87 | 0.71 | −39.73 | −29.44 | |||||
YL10-6-C | 4020.0 | 81.74 | 9.24 | 2.33 | 6.68 |
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Yan, X.; Wu, N.; Gan, J.; Tian, Y.; Xiong, X.; Feng, Y.; Zuo, G. Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Natural Gas in the Third Member of the Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040774
Yan X, Wu N, Gan J, Tian Y, Xiong X, Feng Y, Zuo G. Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Natural Gas in the Third Member of the Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(4):774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040774
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Xue, Nan Wu, Jun Gan, Yang Tian, Xiaofeng Xiong, Yong Feng, and Gaokun Zuo. 2025. "Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Natural Gas in the Third Member of the Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 4: 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040774
APA StyleYan, X., Wu, N., Gan, J., Tian, Y., Xiong, X., Feng, Y., & Zuo, G. (2025). Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Natural Gas in the Third Member of the Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(4), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040774