Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya

Chinnasamy, Kavitha; Krishnan, Naveen Kumar; Balasubramaniam, Moganapathi; Balamurugan, Reena; Lakshmanan, Pugalendhi; Karuppasami, Kalarani M.; Karuppannan, Manoranjitham S.; Thiyagarajan, Elaiyabharathi; Alagarswamy, Senthil; Muthusamy, Saraladevi

doi:10.3390/agriculture15020201

Open AccessArticle

Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya

by

Kavitha Chinnasamy

^1,*,†

,

Naveen Kumar Krishnan

^2,†

,

Moganapathi Balasubramaniam

²,

Reena Balamurugan

²,

Pugalendhi Lakshmanan

³,

Kalarani M. Karuppasami

⁴,

Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan

⁵,

Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan

⁶,

Senthil Alagarswamy

⁷

and

Saraladevi Muthusamy

^8,*

¹

Turmeric Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638451, Tamil Nadu, India

²

Department of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

³

Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁴

Directorate of Crop Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁵

Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁶

Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁷

Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁸

Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422 Lomma, Sweden

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Agriculture 2025, 15(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020201

Submission received: 29 November 2024 / Revised: 13 January 2025 / Accepted: 16 January 2025 / Published: 17 January 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foliar Fertilization for Sustainable Crop Production)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a highly nutritious fruit crop cultivated commercially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Being a shallow rooted fruit crop, it requires frequent application of nutrients. Papaya is highly remunerative due to its high productivity and responds positively to nutrient application. Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a major threat to papaya production, which causes severe yield loss and reduces fruit quality. To combat PRSV and enhance productivity, a nutrient formulation was developed by combining organic, inorganic nutrient sources with biocontrol agents to improve the health and vigor of the plants. Experiments were conducted to standardize the application time and evaluate the efficacy of nutrient formulation in enhancing yield, and to combat papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) incidence in papaya from January 2021 to December 2023 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The results revealed that foliar application of nutrient formulation at monthly intervals from the 3rd to the 7th month after planting (MAP) along with regular application of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at bimonthly intervals from the 3rd MAP significantly increased the yield (37.79% and 30.57% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and Red Lady, respectively) and reduced PRSV disease incidence (22.49% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and 16.53% in Red Lady). Metabolomics study indicates that foliar spray of nutrient formulation enhanced the activators and precursors of defense enzymes, viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and nitrate reductase (NRase) in the sprayed plants over unsprayed control. Therefore, the sprayed plants exhibited tolerance to PRSV incidence by maintaining vigor and induced systemic resistance by the defense enzymes.

Keywords: papaya; nutrients; foliar application; yield; quality; PRSV; papain

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chinnasamy, K.; Krishnan, N.K.; Balasubramaniam, M.; Balamurugan, R.; Lakshmanan, P.; Karuppasami, K.M.; Karuppannan, M.S.; Thiyagarajan, E.; Alagarswamy, S.; Muthusamy, S. Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya. Agriculture 2025, 15, 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020201

AMA Style

Chinnasamy K, Krishnan NK, Balasubramaniam M, Balamurugan R, Lakshmanan P, Karuppasami KM, Karuppannan MS, Thiyagarajan E, Alagarswamy S, Muthusamy S. Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya. Agriculture. 2025; 15(2):201. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020201

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinnasamy, Kavitha, Naveen Kumar Krishnan, Moganapathi Balasubramaniam, Reena Balamurugan, Pugalendhi Lakshmanan, Kalarani M. Karuppasami, Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan, Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan, Senthil Alagarswamy, and Saraladevi Muthusamy. 2025. "Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya" Agriculture 15, no. 2: 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020201

APA Style

Chinnasamy, K., Krishnan, N. K., Balasubramaniam, M., Balamurugan, R., Lakshmanan, P., Karuppasami, K. M., Karuppannan, M. S., Thiyagarajan, E., Alagarswamy, S., & Muthusamy, S. (2025). Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya. Agriculture, 15(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020201

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI