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Volume 12
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Article

Utilization of Intra-Cultivar Variation for Grain Yield and Protein Content within Durum Wheat Cultivars

by
Elissavet Ninou
1,
Ioannis Mylonas
2,*,
Ioulia Karagianni
3,
Sonia Michailidou
3,
Athanasios Tsivelikas
4,
Iosif Sistanis
3,
Ilias Avdikos
1,
Evangelos Korpetis
2 and
Fokion Papathanasiou
3,*
1
Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Department of Agriculture, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece
4
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Al-Irfane, Rabat 10090, Morocco
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2022, 12(5), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050661
Submission received: 6 April 2022 / Revised: 27 April 2022 / Accepted: 28 April 2022 / Published: 3 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics)
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Abstract

This study assessed the variations in grain yield (GY) and protein content (PC) within two commercial durum wheat cultivars (Svevo and Maestrale) and evaluated their responses to intra-cultivar selection for both traits. We investigated whether the variations are exploitable and could result in concurrent GY and PC upgrading. The experiments were conducted in the IPBGR, Thessaloniki, Greece (2018–2020). The first year included two identical honeycomb design trials under ultra-low plant density (ULD) where the divergent selection was applied based on single plant yield and protein content. In the second year, progeny evaluation under typical crop density (TCD) for GY and PC occurred in a randomized complete block (RCB) and with three replications for each cultivar selected line. This revealed considerable variation within already improved commercial cultivars. Single-plant selection for GY and PC simultaneously resulted in: (a) one high-yielding line that significantly outperformed the original cultivar Svevo while maintaining high PC, and (b) two high-grain PC lines that outperformed the original cultivar Maestrale significantly while maintaining high GY. ULD allowed efficient selection for GY and PC simultaneously within narrow gene pools by maximizing phenotypic expression and differentiation among individual plants.
Keywords: grain yield; protein content; variability; field evaluation; density grain yield; protein content; variability; field evaluation; density

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ninou, E.; Mylonas, I.; Karagianni, I.; Michailidou, S.; Tsivelikas, A.; Sistanis, I.; Avdikos, I.; Korpetis, E.; Papathanasiou, F. Utilization of Intra-Cultivar Variation for Grain Yield and Protein Content within Durum Wheat Cultivars. Agriculture 2022, 12, 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050661

AMA Style

Ninou E, Mylonas I, Karagianni I, Michailidou S, Tsivelikas A, Sistanis I, Avdikos I, Korpetis E, Papathanasiou F. Utilization of Intra-Cultivar Variation for Grain Yield and Protein Content within Durum Wheat Cultivars. Agriculture. 2022; 12(5):661. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050661

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ninou, Elissavet, Ioannis Mylonas, Ioulia Karagianni, Sonia Michailidou, Athanasios Tsivelikas, Iosif Sistanis, Ilias Avdikos, Evangelos Korpetis, and Fokion Papathanasiou. 2022. "Utilization of Intra-Cultivar Variation for Grain Yield and Protein Content within Durum Wheat Cultivars" Agriculture 12, no. 5: 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050661

APA Style

Ninou, E., Mylonas, I., Karagianni, I., Michailidou, S., Tsivelikas, A., Sistanis, I., Avdikos, I., Korpetis, E., & Papathanasiou, F. (2022). Utilization of Intra-Cultivar Variation for Grain Yield and Protein Content within Durum Wheat Cultivars. Agriculture, 12(5), 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050661

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