Influence of Pulsed, Scanning and Constant (16- and 24-h) Modes of LED Irradiation on the Physiological, Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) while Cultivated in Vertical Farms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of Lettuce Varieties
2.2. Cultivation Conditions
2.3. Irradiation Conditions
2.4. Biometric Measurements of Lettuce Plants
2.5. Spectrophotometric Measurements of the Pigment Composition of Leaves
2.6. Reflection Measurements in Lettuce Leaves
2.7. Measurement of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters
2.8. Raman Spectroscopy of Lettuce Leaves
2.9. Statistical Data Processing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological Parameters of Lettuce Plants
3.2. Biochemical Parameters of Lettuce Plants
3.3. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters
3.4. Study of the Influence of the Light Regime during Cultivation on Leaf Reflectance Indices
3.5. Raman Spectroscopy of Lettuce Leaves
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Irradiation Mode | Fresh Mass, g | Dry Mass, % | Leaf Surface Area, sm2 | Stem Height, sm |
---|---|---|---|---|
‘Azart’ | ||||
Constant (24 h) | 42.17 (a) ± 11.46 | 6.31 (a) ± 1.05 | 954.74 (a) ± 188.3 | 3.65 (ab) ± 1.28 |
Impulse | 36.22 (a) ± 9.17 | 6.56 (a) ± 0.65 | 816.66 (a) ± 174.68 | 2.75 (b) ± 0.69 |
Scanning | 35.06 (a) ± 7.07 | 4.87 (b) ± 0.47 | 869.36 (a) ± 146.38 | 5.69 (a) ± 1.62 |
Constant (16/8 h) (control) | 36.77 (a) ± 7.61 | 5.12 (ab) ± 0.62 | 893.38 (a) ± 165.66 | 3.19 (b) ± 0.85 |
‘Lollo Rossa’ | ||||
Constant (24 h) | 31.42 (ab) ± 7.22 | 6.48 (a) ± 0.55 | 937.51 (ab) ± 163.05 | 2.8 (a) ± 0.54 |
Impulse | 40.39 (a) ± 10.2 | 6.53 (a) ± 0.56 | 1073.66 (a) ± 241.45 | 2.47 (a) ± 0.68 |
Scanning | 25.76 (b) ± 5.33 | 5.9 (b) ± 0.33 | 747.13 (b) ± 145.44 | 1.53 (b) ± 0.29 |
Constant (16/8 h) (control) | 32.6 (ab) ± 5.84 | 6.04 (ab) ± 0.55 | 945.78 (ab) ± 158.25 | 1.36 (b) ± 0.44 |
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Smirnov, A.A.; Semenova, N.A.; Dorokhov, A.S.; Proshkin, Y.A.; Godyaeva, M.M.; Vodeneev, V.; Sukhov, V.; Panchenko, V.; Chilingaryan, N.O. Influence of Pulsed, Scanning and Constant (16- and 24-h) Modes of LED Irradiation on the Physiological, Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) while Cultivated in Vertical Farms. Agriculture 2022, 12, 1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12121988
Smirnov AA, Semenova NA, Dorokhov AS, Proshkin YA, Godyaeva MM, Vodeneev V, Sukhov V, Panchenko V, Chilingaryan NO. Influence of Pulsed, Scanning and Constant (16- and 24-h) Modes of LED Irradiation on the Physiological, Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) while Cultivated in Vertical Farms. Agriculture. 2022; 12(12):1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12121988
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmirnov, Alexandr A., Natalya A. Semenova, Alexey S. Dorokhov, Yuri A. Proshkin, Maria M. Godyaeva, Vladimir Vodeneev, Vladimir Sukhov, Vladimir Panchenko, and Narek O. Chilingaryan. 2022. "Influence of Pulsed, Scanning and Constant (16- and 24-h) Modes of LED Irradiation on the Physiological, Biochemical and Morphometric Parameters of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) while Cultivated in Vertical Farms" Agriculture 12, no. 12: 1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12121988